- Bokhara, country and town, Central Asia.
- Bolbec, town, France.
- Boleyn, Anne, wife of Henry VIII. of England.
- Boli, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Bolingbroke, Viscount (Henry St John).
- Bolivar, Simon, South-American liberator.
- Bolivia, country, South America.
- Bollandist Fathers, authors of Acta Sanctorum.
- Bologna, province & town, Italy.
- Bologne, Jean (Giovanni da Bologna), sculptor.
- Bolsena, town, Italy.
- Bolton, town, Lancashire, England.
- Bolzano, Bernhard, Catholic theologian.
- Bombay, presidency, India.
- Bonald, Vicomte de, French philosopher.
- Bonaparte, Corsican family.
- Bonaventura, St, theologian and philosopher.
- Bondu, kingdom, West Africa.
- Bone, town, Algeria.
- Bone, Henry, English enamel painter.
- Bonfigli, Benedetto, Italian painter.
- Bongo, people, Central Africa.
- Boni, kingdom, Celebes.
- Boniface, St, apostle of Germany.
- Boniface, popes.
- Bonifacio, town, Corsica.
- Bonn, town, Rhenish Prussia.
- Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London.
- Bonnet, Charles, Swiss naturalist and philosopher.
- Bonneval, Comte de, French adventurer.
- Bonnivard, François de (Prisoner of Chillon), Swiss writer.
- Bonpland, Aimé, French botanist and traveller.
- Bonstetten, Charles Victor de, Swiss writer.
- Bonvicino, Alejandro (Moretto, q. v.).
- Book.
- Bookbinding.
- Book-Keeping.
- Boole, George, English mathematician and logician.
- Boom, town, Belgium.
- Boomerang, Australian missile.
- Booth, Barton, English tragedian.
- Boothia Felix, peninsula, North America.
- Bopp, Franz, German philologist.
- Borax, mineral.
- Borda, Jean Charles, French mathematician.
- Bordeaux, town, France.
- Boreas, in Greek mythology.
- Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian physician.
- Borga, town, Russian Finland.
- Borgerhout, town, Belgium.
- Borghese, Italian family.
- Borgia, Cæsar and Lucretia, children of Pope Alexander VI.
- Borgo San Donnino, town, Italy.
- Borgognone, Ambrogio (Fossano, q. v.), Italian painter.
- Borgu, district, Central Africa.
- Boring, in mining.
- Borissogliebsk, town, Russia.
- Borku, district, Central Africa.
- Borlase, William, English naturalist.
- Born, Ignatius, Baron von, Austrian mineralogist.
- Börne, Ludwig, German satirist.
- Borneo, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Bornholm, island, Denmark.
- Bornu, or Bornon, kingdom, Central Africa.
- Borough.
- Borough-English, succession custom.
- Borovichi, town, Russia.
- Borovsk, town, Russia.
- Borromean Islands, Lago Maggiore, Italy.
- Borromeo, Carlo, saint and cardinal.
- Borromini, Francesco, Italian architect.
- Borrowstounness, or Bo'ness, town, Scotland.
- Bory de Saint-Vincent, French naturalist.
- Bosa, town, Sardinia.
- Bosc, Louis Augustine Guillaume, French naturalist.
- Boscan, Juan, Spanish poet.
- Boscawen, Edward, British admiral.
- Boscovich, Roger Joseph, Italian mathematician.
- Bosna Serai, town, Europe in Turkey.
- Bosnia, province, Turkey.
- Bosphorus, strait.
- Bossi, Giuseppe, Italian painter and critic.
- Bossi, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, Baron de, Italian poet.
- Bossu, René le, French critic.
- Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, French ecclesiastic and orator.
- Boston, town, England.
- Boston, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Boston, Thomas, Scottish divine.
- Boswell, James, biographer of Johnson.
- Botany.
- Botany Bay, settlement, New South Wales.
- Bothnia, province, Sweden.
- Bothnia, Gulf of.
- Bothwell, village, Scotland.
- Bothwell, Earl of.
- Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Gulgielmo, Italian historian.
- Botticelli, Sandro, Italian painter.
- Böttinger, Karl August, German archæologist.
- Bottle.
- Bottomry, maritime contract.
- Botzen, town, Austria.
- Bouches-du-Rhone, department, France.
- Boufarik, town, Algeria.
- Bouflers, Duc de, marshal of France.
- Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, French circumnavigator.
- Bougie, town, Algeria.
- Bouguer, Pierre, French mathematician.
- Bouhours, Dominique, French critic.
- Bouillon, Godfrey de, crusader.
- Boulainvilliers, Henri de, French writer.
- Boulogne-sur-Mer, town, France.
- Boulton, Matthew, English engineer.
- Bourbon, House of.
- Bourbon (Réunion, q. v.), island, Indian Ocean.
- Bourbon-l'Archambault, town, France.
- Bourbon-Vendée (La Roche sur Yon, q. v.).
- Bourbonne-les-Bains, town, France.
- Bourchier, John, English writer.
- Bourdaloue, Louis, French preacher.
- Bourg, town, France.
- Bourgas, town, Turkey.
- Bourgelat, Claude, French veterinarian.
- Bourges, town, France.
- Bourignon, Antoinette, French enthusiast.
- Bourne, Vincent, English writer of Latin verse.
- Bournemouth, town, Hampshire.
- Bourrienne, Louis A. F. de, biographer of Napoleon I.
- Boursault, Edmund, French satirist.
- Boussa, town, Africa.
- Bouterwek, Friedrich, German philosopher.
- Bovali, town, Loango, Africa.
- Boves, township, Italy.
- Bovino, town, Italy.
- Bow and Arrows (See Archery and Arms and Armour).
- Bowdich, Thomas Edward, English traveller.
- Bowditch, Nathaniel, American mathematician.
- Bowles, Caroline Ann (Southey, Caroline, q. v.), English poetess.
- Bowles, William Lisle, English poet.
- Bowls, game.
- Bowring, Sir John, English writer.
- Boxwood.
- Boyaca, town, Colombia.
- Boyce, Hector (Boece, Hector, q. v.), Scottish historian.
- Boyce, William, English musical composer.
- Boyd, Zachary, Scottish clergyman.
- Boydell, John, English engraver.
- Boyer, Abel, English writer.
- Boyer, Alexis, French surgeon.
- Boyer, Jean Baptiste, French physician.
- Boyer, Jean Pierre, president of Hayti.
- Boyle, Charles, earl of Orrery.
- Boyle, John, earl of Cork and Orrery.
- Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork.
- Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork and Burlington.
- Boyle, Robert, British physicist.
- Boyle, Roger, earl of Orrery, soldier and statesman.
- Boyne, river, Ireland.
- Boyse, John, translator of English Bible.
- Bozrah, Scripture cities.
- Bozzaris, Marcos, Greek patriot.
|
- Bra, town, Italy.
- Brabant, district and province, Netherlands & Belgium.
- Bracciolini, Francesco, Italian poet.
- Bracciolini, Gian Francesco Poggio (Poggio, q. v.), Italian humanist.
- Bracelet.
- Brachiopoda, class of invertebrate animals.
- Brachylogus, book of Roman law.
- Bracton, Henry de, English jurist.
- Bradford, town, Yorkshire, England.
- Bradford, John, English martyr.
- Bradley, James, British astronomer.
- Bradshaw, Henry, English poet.
- Bradshaw, John, judge of Charles I.
- Bradwardin, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury.
- Brady, Nicholas, translator of the Psalms.
- Braga, town, Portugal.
- Bragança, or Braganza, town, Portugal.
- Braham, John, English vocalist and composer.
- Brahé, Tycho, Danish astronomer.
- Brahma Samaj, theistic church, India.
- Brahmanism.
- Brahmaputra, river, Tibet and India.
- Brain, The human (See Anatomy, Physiology, Psychology, & Mental Diseases).
- Brainerd, David, missionary to American Indians.
- Braintree, town, England.
- Brake, town, Germany.
- Brake.
- Bramah, Joseph, English machinist.
- Bramante, Lazzari, Italian architect and painter.
- Brambantino (Suardi, Bartolommeo, q. v.), Italian painter.
- Brambanan, Hindu ruins, Java.
- Brande, William Thomas, English chemist.
- Brandenburg, province & town, Prussia.
- Brandis, Christian August, German writer.
- Brandt, Sebastian, German satirist.
- Brandy, spirituous liquor.
- Brantford, town, Canada.
- Brantôme, Seigneur de, French historian.
- Brasidas, Spartan general.
- Brass, alloy of copper and zinc.
- Brasses, Monumental.
- Brassey, Thomas, English railway contractor.
- Braunsberg, town, Prussia.
- Bray, town, Ireland.
- Bray, Sir Reginald, English architect.
- Bray, Dr Thomas, missionary to American Indians.
- Brazil.
- Brazil, Island of.
- Brazil Nut.
- Brazil Wood.
- Brazza, island, Adriatic Sea.
- Bread, Manufacture of (See Baking).
- Bread Fruit.
- Breakwater.
- Brechin, town, Scotland.
- Brecon, or Brecknock, county, Wales.
- Breda, town, Holland.
- Breda, Jan van, Dutch painter.
- Bredow, Gabriel Gottfried, German historian.
- Breeds and Breeding.
- Bregentz, or Bregenz, town, Tyrol, Austria.
- Brehon Law, ancient Irish law.
- Breislak, Scipione, Italian geologist.
- Bremen, free town, Germany.
- Bremer, Fredrika, Swedish novelist.
- Bremerhaven, town, Germany.
- Brennus, Celtic kings.
- Brentano, Clemens, German writer.
- Brentford, town, England.
- Brescia, province & town, Italy.
- Breslau, town, Prussian Silesia.
- Brest, town, France.
- Brest-Litovsk, town, Russia.
- Bretagne (Brittany, q. v.), province, France.
- Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb, German scholar.
- Breughel, Jan, Flemish painter.
- Breughel, Peeter, Flemish caricaturist.
- Breviarium Alaricanum, Roman law.
- Breviary, church service book.
- Brewing.
- Brewster, Sir David, Scottish physicist.
- Briançon, town, France.
- Briansk, town, Russia.
- Briareus, in Greek mythology.
- Bribery.
- Brick.
- Bridaine, Jacques, French preacher.
- Bridgenorth, or Bridgnorth, town, England.
- Bridgeport, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.
- Bridges.
- Bridget, St, of Ireland.
- Bridget, St, of Sweden.
- Bridgetown (See Barbados), town, Barbados.
- Bridgewater, or Bridgwater, town, England.
- Bridgewater,Third Duke of.
- Bridgewater, Eighth Earl of.
- Bridlington, town, England.
- Bridport, town, England.
- Brieg, town, Prussia.
- Briel, or Brielle, town, Holland.
- Brigade, subdivision of an army.
- Brigade-Major.
- Brigadier.
- Briggs, Henry, English mathematician.
- Brighton, town, England.
- Bright's Disease.
- Brignoles, town, France.
- Bril, Paul, Flemish painter.
- Brindisi, town, Italy.
- Brindley, James, English engineer.
- Brioude, town, France.
- Brisbane, town, Queensland.
- Brisbane, Sir Thomas M., astronomer.
- Brisson, Mathurin Jacques, French naturalist.
- Brissot, Jean Pierre, Girondist.
- Bristol, town, England.
- Bristol, town, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
- Britannia.
- Britannicus, son of the Roman emperor Claudius.
- Brittany, province, France.
- Britton, summary of early English law.
- Britton, John, English antiquary.
- Brives-la-Gaillarde, town, France.
- Brixen, town, Tyrol.
- Brixham, town, England.
- Broach, district and town, India.
- Broadstairs, town, England.
- Brocchi, Giovanni Battista, Italian geologist.
- Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold, German publisher.
- Brocklesby, Richard, English physician.
- Broderip, William John, English naturalist.
- Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, English surgeon.
- Brody, town, Austria.
- Broglie, Achille L. V. C., Duc de, French statesman.
- Broker, intermediate agent.
- Bromberg, town, Prussia.
- Brome, Alexander, English poet.
- Brome, Richard, English dramatist.
- Bromine, chemical element.
- Bromley, town, England.
- Bromsgrove, town, England.
- Bronchitis, disease.
- Bröndsted, Peter Oluf, Danish archæologist.
- Brongniart, Alexandre, French mineralogist.
- Bronte, town, Sicily.
- Bronte, Charlotte, English novelist.
- Bronze, alloy of copper and tin.
- Brooch, ornamental pin.
- Brooke, Francis, English novelist.
- Brooke, Henry, English writer.
- Brooke, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak.
- Brookes, Joshua, English anatomist.
- Brooklyn, town, New York, U.S.A.
- Brooks, Charles Shirley, English writer.
- Broome, William, English writer.
- Broseley, town, England.
- Brosses, Charles de, French writer.
- Brougham, Lord, lord chancellor of England.
- Broughton, Hugh, English divine.
- Broughton, Thomas, English divine.
- Broughton, J. Cam Hobhouse, Lord, English statesman.
- Broukhusius, Jan, Dutch scholar.
- Broussa, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Broussais, François Joseph Victor, French anatomist.
- Broussonet, Pierre Marie Auguste, French naturalist.
- Brouwer, Adrian, Dutch painter.
- Brown, Charles Brockden, American novelist.
- Brown, John, English divine.
- Brown, John, of Haddington, Scottish divine.
- Brown, John, Scottish physician.
- Brown, John, Scottish divine.
- Brown, John, American abolitionist.
- Brown, or Browne, Robert, founder of the Brownist sect.
- Brown, Robert, Scottish botanist.
- Brown, Samuel, chemist, poet, and essayist.
- Brown, Thomas, English humorist.
- Brown, Thomas, Scottish psychologist.
- Brown, Ulysses Maximilian, imperial general.
- Brown, William Laurence, Scottish theologian.
- Browne, Charles Farrar (Artemus Ward), American humorist.
- Browne, Isaac Hawkins, English poet.
- Browne, Peter, bishop of Cork, theologian.
- Browne, James, Scottish litterateur.
- Browne, Sir Thomas, English moralist.
- Browne, William, English pastoral poet.
- Browne, William George, English traveller.
- Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, English poetess.
- Brownists, religious sect.
- Bruce, James, African traveller.
- Bruce, Michael, Scottish poet.
- Bruce, Robert, or The Bruce, king of Scotland (See Scotland).
- Bruchsal, town, Germany.
- Bruck, two towns, Austria.
- Brückenau, town, Bavaria.
- Brucker, James, German philosophical writer.
- Bruges, or Brugge, town, Belgium.
- Brumath, or Brumpt, town, German Alsace.
- Brunck, Richard François Philippe, French scholar.
- Brundisium, or Brundusium (Brindisi, q. v.), ancient town, Italy.
- Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, English engineer.
- Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard, engineer and architect.
- Brunelleschi, Filippo, Italian architect.
- Brunet, Jacques Charles, French bibliographer.
- Bruni, Leonardo, Italian scholar.
- Brünn, town, Moravia.
- Bruno, St, founder of the Carthusians.
- Bruno, Giordano, Italian philosopher.
- Brunswick, duchy, Germany.
- Brunswick, town, Maine, U.S.A.
- Brunton, Mrs Mary, Scottish novelist.
- Brushes and Brooms.
- Brussels, capital of Belgium.
- Bruton, town, England.
- Brutus, Roman family.
- Brutus, or Brute, fabulous king of Britain.
- Brux, town, Bohemia.
- Bruyère, Jean de la (La Bruyère, q. v.), French moralist.
- Bryant, Jacob, English writer.
- Bryaxis, Greek sculptor.
- Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, English writer.
- Brzezany, town, Austria.
|
- Bubastis, Egyptian goddess.
- Buccaneers, piratical adventurers.
- Buccari, town, Hungary.
- Buccino, town, Italy.
- Bucer, Martin, German Reformer.
- Buch, Leopold von, German geologist.
- Buchanan, George, Scottish scholar.
- Buchanan, James, president, United States.
- Bucharest, town, Roumania.
- Buchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin, French writer.
- Buchu Leaves, drug.
- Bückeburg, town, Germany.
- Buckingham, county, England.
- Buckingham, George Villiers, first duke of.
- Buckingham, George Villiers, second duke of.
- Buckinghamshire, John Sheffield, duke of.
- Buckland, William, dean of Westminster, geologist.
- Buckle, Henry Thomas, English historian.
- Buckwheat, edible plant.
- Buda, town, Hungary.
- Budæus, Gulielmus, French writer.
- Budaun, district, India.
- Buddæus, John Francis, Lutheran divine.
- Buddhism, Asiatic religion.
- Budgel, Estace, English writer.
- Budget, financial statement.
- Budweis, town, Bohemia.
- Buenos Ayres, province and town, Argentine Republic.
- Buffalo, genus of ruminant mammals.
- Buffalo, town, New York, U.S.A.
- Buffier, Claude, French philosophical writer.
- Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de, French naturalist.
- Bug, insect.
- Bugenhagen, Johann, German Reformer.
- Bugulma, town, Russia.
- Buguruslan, town, Russia.
- Buhle, Johann Gottlieb, German scholar.
- Buhl-work.
- Building.
- Building Societies.
- Buitenzorg, town, Java.
- Bujalance, town, Spain.
- Bukowina, duchy, Austria.
- Bulacan, town, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
- Bulandshahr, district, India.
- Bulgaria, province of European Turkey.
- Bulgarin, Thaddäus, Russian writer.
- Bulgarus, Italian jurist.
- Bull, papal letter (Bulls and Briefs, q. v.).
- Bull, George, bishop of St David's.
- Bull, John, English composer and organist.
- Bulla, ornament and seal.
- Bullfinch, bird.
- Bullinger, Heinrich, Swiss Reformer.
- Bullion.
- Bulls and Briefs, Papal.
- Bülow, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian general.
- Bulwer, Sir Henry, Lord Dalling.
- Bulwer Lytton, E. G. F. L. (Lord Lytton), English novelist.
- Bundelkhand, or Bundeleund, district.
- Bundi, Rajput state, India.
- Bunker Hill, U.S.A., Battle of (1775).
- Bunsen, Christian Charles Josias, Baron von.
- Bunting, bird.
- Bunting, Jabez, Wesleyan divine.
- Bunyan, John, Puritan divine.
- Bunzlau, town, Prussia.
- Bunzlau, town, Bohemia.
- Buonafede, Appiano, Italian philosophical writer.
- Buonarroti, Michelangelo (Michel Angelo, q. v.), Italian painter and sculptor.
- Buoy, floating signal.
- Bupalus and Athenis, Greek sculptors.
- Buphonia, Greek religious festival.
- Burckhardt, John Ludwig, Swiss traveller.
- Burder, George, author of Village Sermons.
- Burdett, Sir Francis, English politician.
- Burg, town, Prussia.
- Burgage, form of tenure.
- Burgdorf, town, Switzerland.
- Bürger, Gottfried August, German poet.
- Burgersdyk, Francis, Dutch logician.
- Burgess, Daniel, English Dissenting divine.
- Burgess, Thomas, bishop of Salisbury.
- Burghley, Lord (Cecil, William, q. v.), minister of Queen Elizabeth.
- Burgkmair, Hans, German engraver.
- Burglary, crime.
- Burgos, province, Spain.
- Burgoyne, John, British general.
- Burgoyne, Sir John Fox, British field-marshal.
- Burgundio, Italian jurist.
- Burgundy, duchy and province, France.
- Burhanpur, town, India.
- Burial and Burial Acts.
- Burial Rites (Funeral, q. v.).
- Buriats, Mongolian race.
- Buridan, Jean, French philosopher.
- Burke, Edmund, British statesman and writer.
- Burke, Robert O'Hara, Australian explorer.
- Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques, Swiss philosopher.
- Burlington, town, Vermont, U.S.A.
- Burlington, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.
- Burlington, town, Iowa, U.S.A.
- Burmah, empire, Asia.
- Burmah, British.
- Burmann, Pieter, Dutch scholar.
- Burnes, Sir Alexander, traveller, Central Asia.
- Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, historian.
- Burnet, Thomas, English writer.
- Burnett, James (Monboddo, Lord, q. v.), Scottish philosopher.
- Burney, Charles, English writer on music.
- Burney, Charles, English scholar.
- Burney, Frances (D'Arblay, Madame, q. v.), English authoress.
- Burnley, town, England.
- Burnouf, Eugène, French Orientalist.
- Burnouf, Jean Louis, French scholar.
- Burns, Robert, Scottish poet.
- Burntisland, town, Scotland.
- Burslem, town, England.
- Burton, Robert, English moralist.
- Burton-on-Trent, town, England.
- Burtscheid, town, Prussia.
- Buru, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Bury, town, England.
- Bury, Richard de (Aungervyle, q. v.).
- Bury St Edmonds, town, England.
- Busbecq, Augier Ghislen de, Flemish traveller.
- Busby, Richard, headmaster of Westminster School.
- Busca, town, Italy.
- Büsching, Anton Friedrich, German geographer.
- Bushire, or Bushair, town, Persia.
- Bushmen, African race.
- Bushnell, Horace, American theologian.
- Busiris, mythical Egyptian king.
- Busiris, ancient town, Egypt.
- Bussorah, or Basra, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Bustard, bird.
- Busto Arsizio, town, Italy.
- Butades, Greek potter.
- Butcher-Bird.
- Bute, county, Scotland.
- Bute, Earl of (John Stuart), English statesman.
- Butler, Alban, author of Lives of the Saints.
- Butler, Charles, English writer.
- Butler, James (Ormond, first duke of, q. v.).
- Butler, Joseph, bishop of Durham.
- Butler, Samuel, author of Hudibras.
- Butler, William Archer, Irish philosophical writer.
- Buto, Egyptian goddess.
- Butrinto, town, Albania.
- Butter.
- Butterflies and Moths, group of insects.
- Buttmann, Philipp Karl, German philologist.
- Button, and button making.
- Buxton, town, England.
- Buxton, Jedidiah, arithmetical prodigy.
- Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, English philanthropist.
- Buxtorf, John (d. 1629), German Hebraist.
- Buxtorf, John (d. 1664), Swiss Hebraist.
- Buzzard, bird.
- Byng, George, Viscount Torrington, admiral.
- Byng, John, British admiral.
- Bynkershoek, Cornelius van, Dutch jurist.
- Byrom, John, English poet.
- Byron, Lord, English poet.
- Byron, John, English poet.
- Byström, Johann Nicolaus, Swedish sculptor.
- Byzantine Empire (Greek Empire, q. v.).
- Byzantine Historians.
- Byzantium.
|
- C, the third letter of the alphabet.
- Caaba (Kaaba, q. v.), sacred stone, Mecca.
- Cabagan, town, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
- Cabanis, Pierre Jean George, French physiologist.
- Cabarrus, François, Spanish financier.
- Cabatuan, town, Philippine Islands.
- Cabazera, town, Philippine Islands.
- Cabbage.
- Cabbala and Cabbalists (Kabbala, q. v.).
- Cabenda, vegetable.
- Cabet, Étienne, French communist.
- Cabeza del Buey, town, Spain.
- Cabinet, The British.
- Cabiri, in mythology.
- Cable, for ship.
- Cabot, Sebastian, English navigator.
- Cabra, town, Spain.
- Cabul, town and province, Afghanistan.
- Cacao (See Cocoa), tree and fruit.
- Caceres, town, Spain.
- Cachao, town, Anam.
- Cacheo, or Cachao, town, West Africa.
- Cachoeira, town, Brazil.
- Cacongo, or Kakongo, kingdom, West Africa.
- Cactus, group of plants.
- Cadahalso, José de, Spanish poet.
- Cadiz, town, Spain.
- Cadmium, chemical element.
- Cadmus, in Greek legend.
- Caduceus, Greek symbol of herald's office.
- Cædmon, Anglo-Saxon poet.
- Caen, town, France.
- Cære, ancient town, Etruria.
- Caerleon, town, Monmouth, England.
- Caermarthen (Carmarthen, q. v.), county and town, Wales.
- Caernarvon (Carnarvon, q. v.), county and town, Wales.
- Cæsalpinus, Andreas, Italian natural philosopher.
- Cæsar, Caius Julius, Roman dictator.
- Cæsar, Sir Julius, English scholar.
- Cæsarea, towns, Palestine.
- Cæsarea, town, Cappadocia, Asia Minor.
- Caffraria (Kaffraria, q. v.).
- Cagli, town, Italy.
- Cagliari, town, Sardinia.
- Cagliari, Paolo (Veronese, q. v.), Italian painter.
- Cagliostro, Alessandro, Count, charlatan.
- Cagnola, Luigi, Marquis, Italian architect.
- Cagots, race of people, France and Spain.
- Cahors, town, France.
- Caille, Nicolas Louis de la (La Caille, q. v.).
- Caillié, or Caillé, René, French African traveller.
- Cain, of Scripture.
- Cairn, pile of stones.
- Cairnes, John Elliott, political economist.
- Cairngorm, mountain, Scotland.
- Cairo, town, Egypt.
- Caisson, in engineering.
- Caithness, county, Scotland.
- Caius, John, founder of Caius College, Cambridge.
- Cajazzo, town, Italy.
- Cajeput Oil.
- Cajetan, Cardinal, papal legate to Germany.
- Calabar, country, West Africa.
- Calabar Bean, poisonous plant.
- Calabozo, town, Venezuela.
- Calabria, district, Italy.
- Calahorra, town, Spain.
- Calais, town, France.
- Calamis (See Archæology), Greek sculptor.
- Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist divine (d. 1666).
- Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist divine (d. 1732).
- Calas, Jean, French Protestant.
- Calasio, Mario de, Italian Biblical scholar.
- Calatafimi, town, Sicily.
- Calatayud, town, Spain.
- Calcar, John de, German painter.
- Calc-spar, mineral.
- Calchas, Greek soothsayer.
- Calculating Machines.
- Calculus, Infinitesimal (Differential and Integral Calculus, q.v.).
- Calcutta, capital of India.
- Caldani, Leopold Marco Antonio, Italian anatomist.
- Calder, Sir Robert, British admiral.
- Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, Spanish dramatist.
- Calderwood, David, Scottish historian.
- Caledonia, ancient Northern Britain.
- Calenberg, principality, Hanover.
- Calendar.
- Calender, machine for dressing cloth.
- Calepino, Ambrogio, Italian lexicographer.
- Calhoun, John Caldwell, American politician and orator.
- Calico-Printing.
- Calicut, town, India.
- California, State, U.S.A.
- Caligula, Caius Cæsar, Roman emperor.
- Caliph, Mohammedan sovereign.
- Calisthenics (See Gymnastics), gymnastic exercises.
- Calitri, town, Italy.
- Calixtus, or Callistus, popes.
- Calixtus, Georgius, Lutheran divine.
- Callao, town, Peru.
- Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, English painter.
- Callcott, John Wall, English composer.
- Callcott, Mrs Maria Graham, English writer.
- Callimachus, Greek poet and librarian of the Alexandrian library.
- Callimachus, Greek architect and statuary.
- Calliope, Muse of epic poetry.
- Callirrhoe, in Greek legend.
- Callisthenes, Greek philosopher.
- Callisto, in Greek mythology.
- Callistratus, Athenian orator.
- Callistratus, Athenian poet.
- Callot, Jacques, French engraver and caricaturist.
- Calmar, town, Sweden.
- Calmet, Augustine, French Biblical critic.
- Calmucks, or Kalmuks, people, Mongolia.
- Calne, town, England.
- Calomel, in chemistry and pharmacy.
- Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, French statesman.
- Calpurnius, Titus, Roman poet.
- Caltagirone, town, Sicily.
- Caltanisetta, town, Sicily.
- Calvados, department, France.
- Calvart, Denis, painter.
- Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, English statesman.
- Calvi, town, Corsica.
- Calvin, John, Reformer.
- Calvisius, Sethus, German astronomer.
- Calydon, ancient town, Greece.
- Calypso, in Greek mythology.
- Cam, Diogo, Portuguese discoverer.
- Camaldulians, Camaldoli, or Camaldolites, religious order.
- Camarina, ancient town, Sicily.
- Cambacérès, Jean Jacques Regis de, French statesman.
- Cambaluc, or Cambalu, ancient capital of China.
- Cambay, town and gulf, India.
- Cambert, Robert, French muscial composer.
- Cambodia, kingdom, south-eastern Asia.
- Camborne, town, England.
- Cambray, or Cambrai, town, France.
- Cambridge, county, England.
- Cambridge, town, England.
- Cambridge, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Cambyses, kings of Persia.
- Camden, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.
- Camden, town, South Carolina, U.S.A.
- Camden, William, English antiquary.
- Camden, First Earl, lord chancellor of England.
- Camel, ungulate mammal.
- Camellia, genus of plants.
- Cameo, engraved relief work.
- Camera Lucida.
- Camera Obscura.
- Camerarius, Joachim, German scholar (d. 1574).
- Camerarius, Joachim, German physician (d. 1598).
- Camerino, town, Italy.
- Cameron, John, Scottish theologian.
- Cameron, Richard, Scottish covenanter.
- Cameroons, mountains, Africa.
- Camillus and Camilla, juvenile assistants at Roman sacrifices.
- Camillus, Marcus Furius, Roman dictator.
- Camisards, French insurgents.
- Camoens, or Camões, Luiz de, Portuguese poet.
- Camp, Roman.
- Campagna, town, Italy.
- Campagna di Roma, district, Italy.
- Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette, French writer.
- Campanella, Tomaso, Italian philosopher.
- Campania, ancient province, Italy.
- Campani-Alimenis, Matteo, Italian mechanician.
- Campanile, bell-tower.
- Campbell, Sir Colin (Clyde, Lord, q.v), British general.
- Campbell, George, Scottish theologian and critic.
- Campbell, John, Scottish historian.
- Campbell, Thomas, English poet.
- Campbell, Lord, lord chancellor of England.
- Campbeltown, town, Scotland.
- Campe, Joachim Heinrich, German educationist.
- Campeggio, Lorenzo, cardinal.
- Camper, Peter, Dutch anatomist.
- Camphor, aromatic substance.
- Camophuysen, Dirk Rafaelsz, Dutch painter.
- Campi, Bernardino, Italian painter.
- Campi, Giulio, Italian painter.
- Campian, Edmund, English Jesuit.
- Campli, town, Italy.
- Campobasso, town, Italy.
- Campobello, town, Sicily.
- Campobello di Licata, town, Sicily.
- Campomanes, Pedro Rodriguez, Conde de, Spanish statesman and economist.
- Camuccini, Vincenzo, Italian painter.
- Camus, Charles Étienne Louis, French mathematician.
- Cana, of Galilee, Palestine.
- Canaan, geographical name.
- Canaanites, people of Phœnicia and Palestine.
- Canada, The Dominion of.
- Canal.
- Canal, or Canaletto, Antonio.
- Canandaigua, town, New York, U.S.A.
- Cananore (Kananore, q.v.).
- Canara (Kanara, q.v.), districts, India.
- Canary-Bird.
- Canary Islands, North Atlantic.
- Cancao, or Cancar, town, Cambodia.
- Cancer, disease.
- Cancrin, Franz Ludwig von, German mineralogist.
- Candahar (Kandahar, q.v.), town, Afghanistan.
- Candalabrum, ancient lamp-stand.
- Candeish (Khandesh, q.v.), district, India.
- Candia (Crete, q.v.), island, European Turkey.
- Candia, town, Crete.
- Candiac, Jean Louis, precocious French child.
- Candle, and candle-making.
- Candlemas, church festival.
- Candlestick.
- Candlish, Robert Smith, Scottish divine.
- Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (De Candolle, q.v.).
- Cane, variety of plants.
- Canea, town, Crete.
- Canephori, in Greek festival processions.
- Canga-Arguelles, José, Spanish statesman.
- Cangiagio, Luigi (Luchetto da Genova), Italian painter.
- Canicatti, town, Sicily.
- Canini, Giovanni Agnolo, Italian engraver.
- Canitz, Baron von, German poet.
- Cannæ, ancient town, Italy.
- Cannes, town, France.
- Cannibalism.
- Canning, George, English statesman.
- Canning, Earl, governor-general of India.
- Cannon (See Guns and Gunnery and Artillery).
- Cano, Alonzo, Spanish painter and sculptor.
- Cano, Melchior, Spanish bishop.
- Canoe, kind of boat.
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