English: Ring-winding was invented by Dr Antonio Pacinotti of Florence in 1860, and was subsequently and independently reintroduced in 1870 by the Belgian electrician, Zénobe Théophile Gramme, whence it is also frequently called the “Gramme” winding. By this method the farther end of conductor 1 (fig. 5) is joined in series to the near end of conductor 2; this latter lies next to it on the surface of the core or immediately above it, so that both are simultaneously under the same pole-piece. For this series connexion to be possible, the armature core must be a hollow cylinder, supported from the shaft on an open non-magnetic spider or hub, between the arms of which there is room for the internal wire completing the loop.
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=={{int:filedesc}}== {{Information |Description={{en|Ring-winding was invented by Dr Antonio Pacinotti of Florence in 1860, and was subsequently and independently reintroduced in 1870 by the Belgian electrician, Zénobe Théophile Gramme, whence it is als