the war against the Sungars. As Pacificator of the North he led the northern division of 25,000 men and 70,000 horses from Barkul to the Borotala river where he met the western division, and in 1755 the combined forces conquered Ili with little or no fighting. For his services he was ennobled as Duke; but he was soon after cut off by Amursana, chief of the Khoits, who had vainly aspired to be Head of the Sungars under China, and he committed suicide. Canonised as 義烈, and included in the Temple of Worthies.
1603 P'an Chi-hsün 潘季訓 (T. 時良). A.D. 1519-1594. A native of 烏程 Wu-ch'êng in Chehkiang, who graduated as chin shih in 1550 and became Director General of the Yellow River in 1565. He lost office owing to a breach at 丕 P'ei-chou in 1571. In 1576 he was Governor of Kiangsi, and two years later was again placed in charge of the Yellow River, which had diverged northwards into its present course. By 1579 he had dyked the new river, and saved Huai-nan from inundation. In 1583 his defence of his patron Chang Chü-chêng caused him to be cashiered; but in 1588 he was once more at his old post. His labours affected his health, and in 1592 he took advantage of a dispute as to the method of dealing with a breach at 泗 Ssŭ-chou in Anhui, which imperilled the Imperial Mausolea, to retire from public life.
1604 P'an En 潘恩 (T. 子仁). A.D. 1494-1580. A native of Shanghai, who at six years of age could distinguish accurately the four tones. Graduating as chin shih in 1523, he entered upon a public career. After a rapid rise, he was imprisoned and degraded for some error in connection with the provincial examination-list in Shantung. Employed later on in Chehkiang, he gained considerable renown by his spirited resistance to the Japanese and finally rose to be President of the Board of War. Author of the 詩韻輯略, a work on the rhymes in the Book of Odes. Canonised as 恭定.
1605 P'an Fei 潘妃. The favourite concubine of Hsiao Pao-chüan,
