CHAPTER IV
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BUDDHISM
THE introduction of Buddhism into China must now be considered, especially under its literary aspect.
So early as B.C. 217 we read of Buddhist priests, Shih-li-fang and others, coming to China. The " First Emperor" seems to have looked upon them with sus- picion. At any rate, he threw them into prison, from which, we are told, they were released in the night by a golden man or angel. Nothing more was heard of Buddhism until the Emperor known as Ming Ti, in con- sequence, it is said, of a dream in which a foreign god appeared to him, sent off a mission to India to see what could be learnt upon the subject of this barbarian re- ligion. The mission, which consisted of eighteen persons, returned about A.D. 67, accompanied by two Indian Buddhists named Kashiapmadanga and Gobharana. These two settled at Lo-yang in Honan, which was then the capital, and proceeded to translate into Chinese the Sutra of Forty-two Sections the beginning of a long line of such. Soon afterwards the former died, but the seed had been sown, and a great rival to Taoism was about to appear on the scene.
Towards the close of the second century A.D. another Indian Buddhist, who had come to reside at Ch'ang-an in Shensi, translated the stitra known as the Lotus of the
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