BOOK REVIEWS 8 1
since bow and arrow constitute the dominant weapons, with bone daggers playing a secondary part. In the steppes the negative correlation de- manded by the theory is also fairly well borne out, since the bow is almost completely supplanted by the spear except in ritualistic per- formances. But the eastern area provides contradictory evidence. Though pile-dwellings occur, bows are lacking in many districts, e.g., wholly along the lower Augusta and the neighboring coastal tract, where darts are hurled from a throwing-board. This device is characteristic of the entire region, but the spear plays a significant part and is asso- ciated with clubs and bone daggers. Bows do not turn up until one reaches the middle course of the Augusta and of the Potters' river (Topferfluss). Near Angroman the author found halberd-like wooden weapons, which suggested those from the islands of Aua and Wuvulu.
A remarkable form of shield made from the feathers of cockatoos, parrots, birds of paradise, and other species was discovered on the Pot- ters' river and nearly a hundred specimens were collected for the Berlin Museum. The author considers them among the finest achievements of Oceanian art. They served purely ceremonial functions and were carefully stored in the council houses.
In conclusion Thurnwald insists on the quite distinct processes involved in the transmission not only of material and non-material aspects of culture but even in the diffusion of different elements of ma- terial culture. In this connection he also avows his belief in the possi- bility of independent invention.
ROBERT H. LOWIE
SOME NEW PUBLICATIONS
Barrett, S. A. and Hawkes, E. W. The Kratz Creek Mound Group; a Study in Wisconsin Indian Mounds. (Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, vol. in, no. I, pp. 1-138, pis. 1-19, figs. 1-19.) Milwaukee, 1919.
Cory, Herbert Ellsworth. The Intellectuals and the Wage Workers; a Study in Educational Psychoanalysis. New York: The Sunwise Turn, 1919. 273 pp.
De Booy, Theodoor. Archaeology of the Virgin Islands. (Indian Notes and Monographs, vol. I, no. I, pp. i-ioo.) Museum of the Amer- ican Indian, Heye Foundation: New York, 1919. 10 pis., 32 figs.
. Santo Domingo Kitchen-midden and Burial Mound (ibid.-
vol. I, no. 2, pp. 101-137.) New York, 1919. 15 pis., 9 figs.
Fewkes, J. Walter. Prehistoric Villages, Castles, and Towers of
6
�� �
