AN
EXPOSITION,
WITH
PRACTICAL OBSERVATIONS,
OF THE BOOK OF THE PROPHET
DANIEL.
THE book of Ezekiel left the affairs of Jerusalem under a doleful aspect, all in ruins, but with a joyful
prospect of all in glory again. This of Daniel fitly follows. Ezekiel told us what was seen, and what
was foreseen, by him in the former years of the captivity: Daniel tells us what was seen, and foreseen,
in the latter years of the captivity: wlien God employs diffeient hands, yet it is about the same work.
And it was a comfort to the poor captives, that they had first one prophet among them and then
another, to show them how long, and a sign that God had not quite cast them off. Let us inquire,
I. Concerning this firojihet; liis Hebrew name was Daniel, which signifies the judgment of God; liis
Chaldean name was Ddteshazzar. He was of the tribe of Judah, and, as it should seem, of the royal
family; he was betimes eminent for wisdom and' piety. Ezekiel, his contemporary, but much his
senior, speaks of him as an oracle, when thus he upbraids the king of Tyre with his conceitedness of
himself : Thou art wiser than Daniel, Ezek. xxviii. 3. He is likewise there celebrated for success in
prayer, when Noah, Daniel, and Job are reckoned as tlirce men that had the greatest interest in heaven
of any other, Ezek. xiv. 14. He began betimes to be famous, and continued long so. Some of the
Jewisli Rabbins are loath to acknowledge him to be 3. prophet of the higher form, and therefore rank
his book among the Hagiographa, not among the prophecies, and would not have their disciples pay
much regard to it. One reason they jiretend is, because he did not live such a mean, mortified life as
Jeremiali and some other of the propliets did, but lived like a prince, and was a prime minister of state;
whereas we find liim persecuted as other prophets were, {ch. vi. ) and mortifying liimself as other
prophets did, when lie ate no pleasant bread, {ch. x. 3.) and fainting and sick when he was under
the power of the Spirit of propliecy, ch. viii. 27. Another reason they pretend is, because he wrote
his ijook in a heathen country, and there had his visions, and not in the land of Israel; but, by the same
reason, Ezekiel also must be expunged out of the roll of prophets. But the true reason is, he speaks so
plainly of the time of the Messiah's coming, that the Jews cannot avoid the conviction of it, and there-
tore do not care to hear of it. But Josephus calls him one of the greatest of the prophets, nay, the angel
Gabriel calls him a man greatly beloved. He lived long an active life in the courts and councils of
some of the greatest monarclis the world ever had, Nebuchadnezzar, Cyrus, Darius; for we mistake
if we confine the privilege of an intercourse with heaven to speculative inen, or those that spend their
time in contemplation; no, who was more intimately acquainted with the mind of God than Daniel, a
courtier, a statesman, and a man of business? The Spirit, as the wind, blows where it lists. And if
those that have much to do in the world, plead that as an excuse for the seldomness and the slightness of
their converse with God, Daniel will condemn them. Some have thought that he returned to Jei'usalem,
and was one of the masters of the Greek synagogue; but nothing of that appears in scripture, it is
therefore generally concluded that he died in Persia, at Susan, where he lived to be very old.
n. Concerning this book. The first six chapters of it are historical, and are plain and easy; the six last
are prophetical, and in them are many things dark, and hard to be understood; which yet would be
more intelligible if we had a more complete history of the nations, and especially the Jewish nation,
from Daniel's time to the coming of the Messiah. Our Saviour intimates the difficulty of apprehending
the sense of Daniel's propliecies, when, speaking of them, he says. Let him that readeth understand,
Matth. xxiv. 15. The first chapter, and the three first verses of the second chapter, are in Hebrew;
thence to the eighth chapter is in the Chaldee dialect; from thence to the end is in Hebrew. Mr.
Broughton observes. That, as the Chaldeans were kind to Daniel, and gave cups of cold water to him
when he requested it, rather than the king's wine, God would not have them lose their reward, but
made that language which they taught him, to have honour in his writings through all the world unto
this day. Daniel, according to his computation, continues the holy story from the first surprising of
Jerusalem by the Chaldean Babel, when he himself was carried away captive, until the last destruction
of it by Rome, the mystical Babel, for so far forward his predictions look, ch. ix. 27. The fables of
Susanna, and of Bel and the Dragon, in both which Daniel is made a party, are apocryphal stories,
which we tliink we have no reason to give any credit to, they never being found in the Hebrew or
Chaldee, but only in the Greek, nor ever admitted by the Jewish church. There are some, both of the
histories and of the prophecies of this book, that bear date in the latter end of the Chaldean monarchy,
and others of both, that are dated in the beginning of the Persian monarchy. But both Nebuchadnez-
zar's dream, which he intci-preted, and his own visions, point at the Grecian and Roman monarchies,
and very particularly at the Jews' troubles under Antiochus, which it would be of great use to them to
prepare for; as his fixing the very time for the coming of the Messiah, was to all them that waited the
consolation of Israel, and is to us, for the confirming of our belief. That this is he who should come, and
we are to look for no other.
