A/42/427
English
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| Group of Countries | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1982 |
| (per cent) | ||||
| Developing Countries | 14.2 | 16. | 19.0 | 19.0 |
| Low income | 11. | 13.8 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
| Lower-middle income | 11.0 | 13.5 | 16.4 | 16.6 |
| Intermediate income | 10.6 | 14.4 | 17.1 | 17.6 |
| Upper-middle income | 19.4 | 21.6 | 24.1 | 23.3 |
| High income | 17.2 | 16.2 | 17.2 | 17.9 |
| Developed Market Economies | 25.6 | 28.3 | 27.9 | 27.1 |
| Centrally Planned Economies | 32.0 | 42.4 | 50.5 | 50.8 |
| Figures refer to the share of manufacturing value added (estimated) in net material product. Data are at constant (1975) prices. Source: UNIDO, World Industry: Statistical Review 1985 (Vienna: 1986). | ||||
1 The Changing Structure of World Industry
6. In recent years, the trend of the 1950s and 1960s has been reversed: Manufacturing has declined in importance relative to other sectors of the economy. In many countries, this decline has been in progress since 1973. It is most noticeable in the case of industrial market economies, but the share of MVA in GDP has also declined in nearly half the 95 developing countries surveyed by UNIDO. [1] This may reflect the growing interaction between industry and all fields of science and technology and the increasing integration of industry and services, as well as industry's ability to produce more with less.
7. The relative importance of industry as an employer has been declining for some time in developed countries, But the shift in jobs towards the service sector has accelerated sharply over the past 15 years with the increasing adoption of new processes and technologies. Economists continue to argue over whether the advent of an information-based economy will further depress employment in industry or ill expand job opportunities overall.[2]
8. Most developing countries started at independence with virtually no modern industry. Then during the 1960s and 1970s their industrial production, employment, and trade consistently
- ↑ UNIDO. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence (New York: 1985).
- ↑ See, for example, W.W. Leontier, The Impact of Automation (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986); F, Duchin, 'Automation and its Effects on Employment', in E. Collings and Lo Tanner (eds.). Employment Implications of the Changing Industrial Base (New York: Ballinger Books, 1984); J. Rada, The Impact of Micro-electronics (Geneva: ILO, 1980); and D. Werneke, Microelectronics and Office Jobs (Geneva: ILO, 1903).
