English
practicereserved under the international copyright act by English notice on the title-page, an English author could practice reserve his right of translation only by providing such translation, but the new code gives the full right.
Translations
in interna-
tional rela-
tiosThe American provisions as to translations apply with especial importance to international relations, "The original text of a book of foreign origin in a language or languages other than English" is copyrightable in America without manufacture here; and such a work, duly copyrighted, can only be translated into English or any other language by authority of the foreign author or his assigns, and such translation in English or any other language can be copyrighted
only when manufactured in this country as provided in the act. If the original text of a foreign work is not duly copyrighted under the American law, then translation is open to any one and copyright can be secured only for the particular translation copyrighted, as
above stated, and this cannot prevent independent translation into the same or any other language. Thus, a German original duly copyrighted may not be translated into English, French, or any other language without authority of the copyright proprietor, nor can an English translation be made, for instance, from a French translation of the copyrighted work; but any number of translations of the copyrighted German work into English or any other language may be separately copyrighted under the American law, subject to the manufacturing clause, if duly authorized by the copyright proprietor, and each translator could only prevent the copying of his particular translation or the translation of his own version into another language.
Foreign
translatorsA translation can be copyrighted by a translator Foreign only in case he is a citizen of a country with which translators the United States has copyright relations or is a resi-
