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The former must be broken in fmall. pieces before it will move ; but the latter will move, not only in a whole joint, but in two or three knit together. /7s//, Nat, Hilt. Oxfordfli. feci;. 26, feq.
8tar-uw7, after, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flower is of the ra- diated kind. Its difk is compofed of flofcules, and its bor- der of femiflofculcs : thefe all ftand on the embryo feeds, and are contained in one common fquammofe cup. The embryos finally ripen into feeds, which are winged with down, and fixed to the thalamus of the flower. The fpecies of after, enumerated by Mr. Tourncfort, are thefe. 1. The common blue Attic ftar-wort. 2. The Attic after with white flowers. 3. The round-leaved hairy Au- fzrim ftar-wort with large blue flowers. 4. The long-leaved mountain ftar-wort with large blue flowers. 5. The purple- flowered Alpine after. --6. The blue- flowered dwarf moun- tain ftar-wort. 7. The blue-flowered Alpine Atucftar-wort. 8. The purple tripolium-flowered after. 9. The broader- leaved after with tripolium flowers. 10. The common acrid blue-flowered after, called the blue fleabane. n. The great blue Attic ftar-wort. 1 2. The lefler blue Attic ftar-wort, called the blue Alpine fleabane. 13. The blue-flowered wil- low-leaved fea ftar-wort, called tripolium. 14. The lefler tripolium. 15. The fmall white-flowered tripolium. 16. The early Pyrenean after with large blue flowers, 17. The au- tumnal Pyrenean after with fmaller blue flowers. 18. The broad-leaved American after with pale blue umbellated flowers. 19. The tall hairy New England after with very large violet-purple flowers. 20. The Jate-fiowering hairy willow-leaved American after with blue flowers. 21. The tall-branched, wild daify-leaved, late-flowering after. 22. The branched late-flowering purple after. 23. The broad-leaved paniculated after with deep violet-coloured flowers. 24. The blue-flowered hy flop-leaved branched African after. 25. The white-flowered branched hyflbp-leaved African after. 26. The annual Canada branched after, called by fome the branched daify. 27. The African after with hellchryfum leaves. 28. The hairy yellow mountain after attlcus with very large flowers. 29. The fmooth mountain after with large yellow flowers. 30. The yellow-flowered after with fweet-fecnted roots. 31. The fleabane- leaved autumnal mea- dow after, commonly called the middle feabane. 32. The meadow Alpine after with gold-yellow flowers. 33. The yellow-flowered woolly Dutch after. 34. The very hairy and woolly Alpine after. 35. The hairy mullein-leaved after. 36. The rock jtar-wort with vifcous, hairy, and strong- fcented leaves. 37. The long-leaved mountain yellow after. 38. The yellow marfh after with long woolly leaves. 39. The fea after with a thick cylindric, and three-pointed leaf. 40. The yellow jagged-leaved marfli after, called the jagged-leaved mar Jh fleabane. 41. The marfh after with fmall globofe flowers. 42. The yellow-flowered tuberous-rooted fea after, called fea-fleabane. 43. The mountain willow- leaved after with yellow flowers. 44. The yellow fweet- fcented fleabane like after. 45. The fleabane- leaved yellow Alpine after. 46. The mullein-leaved after with yellow flowers. 47. The primrofe-Ieaved American after with yel- low flowers, and a thick large cup. 48. The American primrofe-Ieaved after with a Jingle purple flower. 49. The fhrubby yellow itcechas-leaved American after with umbel- lated yellow flowers. 50. The American after with large ragwort leaves, hairy underneath. 51. The yellow-flowered itcechas-leaved Ethiopian after. 52. The great after, com- monly called elecampane. Town. Inft. p. 481. All the fpecies of this plant are propagated by parting their roots early in fpring, and they will grow in almoft any foil or situation ; and the larger forts encreafe fo faft, that if not prevented, they will in a little time over-run a large fpace of ground. They grow heft in the fhade. But the lower kinds do not run fo much at the root, but fhould be taken up and tranfplanted every other year, which will make them produce much fairer flowers. Afiller's Gard. Diet.
Golden SrAR-wort. See the article Aster Atticus.
Star of Bethlehem. See the article Ornithogalum.
STARAPHAXAT, a name ufed by fome of the old writers for any medicine that reftrains fluxions upon the eyes, nofe, or fauces.
STARTING, in the manege. A horfe is faid to be ftarting, fkittifh, or timorous, that takes every object he fees to be otherwife than it is ; upon which he flops, flies out, and starts fuddenly to. one fide, infomuch that the rider can't make him come near the place where the object is. This fault is more common to geldings than ftone-horfes. Such horfes alfo as have bad eyes are moft fubject to it, as well as thofe that have been kept a long time in a ftable without airing ; but thefe laft are eafily cured of it. When you have a Ikitcifh horfe, never beat him in his confirmation, but make him advance gently, and with foft means, to the fcare- crow that alarms him, till he recovers it, and gains afTur- ance.
STARVING to death, a kind of punifhment ufed bv the peo- ple of Arragon fome ages ago j znd it, is reported by Taver- Sufpl. Vol. II.
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riicr, that the" chief ladies in the kingdom of Tunquin are at this day ftarved to death for adultery.
STASIS, a word ufed by pliyficians to exprefs a flap-nation of the humors.
STATELY, in the manege. A horfe is faid to heftatcly, that goes with a proud, strutting gate.
STATER, the name of a weight among the antients, equal to four drachms.
SI ATHEUSIS, a word ufed by the old writers to exprefs the torrefaction, or roasting of fome medicines before a flow fire^as is done frequently at prefent with rhubarb, &c.
STATICAL, (Cycl.) is fometimes applied in a peculiar fenfe to the experiments made as to the quantity of perfpiration, and other excretions of the human body.
We have a very particular account of fome experiments of this kind in the Philofophical Tr an factions, N o 470, made by Dr. John Lining of Charles-Town, in South-Carolina.
Statical hygrofcope. See the article Hygroscope.
STA OCE, thrift, in botany, the name of a genus of plants, the characters of which are thefe. The flowers are collect- ed into a head of a fort of globular form, which is fur- rounded by a common fcaly cup. The head is compofed of a number of caryophylleous flowers, compofed of feveral petals, and each arising from its own proper tubular cup. The pistil arifes alfo from the fame cup, and finally becomes an oblong fruit, covered by the cup.
The fpecies of ftatice, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe. 1. The larger ftatice, thrift, or fea July flower. 2. The fmaller ftatice. 3. The large white-flowered Alpine ftatice. 4. The fmalleft mountain ftatice. 5. The Portugal ftatice with fcorzonera leaves. 6. The large fhrubby Portugal fea ftatice with great flowers. 7. The great Portugal Jiatjce with capillaceous leaves. 8. The fmalleft Portugal ftatice with capillaceous leaves. And 9. the low fea ftatice with rigid capillaceous leaves. Tourn. Inft. p. 340, feq.
STATICULA, among the Romans, thofe little figures with' which itwasufual to adorn their drinking-cups, called fcyphi. Pitifc. in voc.
STATICULI, among the Romans, a kind of dancing pan- tomimes. Pitifc. in voc. See Pantomime.
STATION (Cycl.) — We have a method of meafuring diftances at one fiation, in the Philofophical Tran factions, N° 7, by means of a telefcope. But the practice of this method does not anfwer to the theory.
Station, ftatio, raw, in the antient mufic, was fometimes ufed for any fixed pitch, or degree of found, whether pro- duced by intention or remifllon. Vid. Wallis, Append, ad Ptolem. Harmon, p. 154. . .
Station-/;^, in surveying. See the articles Line andSuR-
VEYING, Cycl.
STATIONARY (Cycl.)— Stationary fevers, a term ufed by Sydenham to exprefs a peculiar kind of fever, adapted, and owing to fome general constitution of the air and fea- fons. There are certain general constitutions of years, which owe their origin neither to heat, cold, drynefs, nor moifture, but rather depend upon a certain fecret, and in- explicable alteration in the bowels of the earth, whence the air becomes impregnated with fuch kinds of effluvia, as fub- ject the human body to peculiar diftempers, fo long as that kind of constitution prevails, which after a certain courfe of years declines, and gives way to another. Each of thefe general constitutions is attended with its own proper and peculiar kind of fever, which never appears in any other ; and this is thence called a ftationary fever.
STATIVA, among the Romans, a standing camp kept for the defence of the frontiers of the empire. Thefe camps gave rife to a great many towns, which took their names from the legion stationed there. Pitifc. in voc.
STATORES, among the Romans, made a part of the empe- ror's life-guard. Pitifc. in voc.
STATUARY {Cycl.) — Statuary marble, among our arti- ficers, the name of the fofter white marble ufually wrought into ftatues, the fame with the Parian marble of the antients.
STATUTE (Cycl,)— The king's royal aflerit to a bill by his letters patent under his great feal, and figned with his hand, and declared and notified in his abfence to the lords fpiritual and temporal, and to the commons, afTemblcd together in the high houfe, is as effectual as if the king was prefent. Stat. 33 Hen. VIII. cap. 21.
Statutes were antiently proclaimed by the fherifT, but upon the invention of printing, this method was difcontinued. Every body is obliged to take notice of an Act of Parliament at his peril. 4 Inft. 26.
St at ute- feffions, inlaw, a meeting in every hundred of con- stables and houfholders, by custom, for the ordering of fer- vants, and the debating of differences between the masters and the fervants, rating of fervants wages, &c. 1 Eliz. cap. 4. Cowel.
STATUTO mercatorio, a writ for the imprifoning him that has forfeited a ftatute merchant bond, until the debt is fatis- fied : and of thefe writs there is one against lay-perfons, and another again!! persons ecclesiastical. Reg. Orig. 146, 148. Cowel. ) 3 G g g Statutq
