THO
alpine Thhjpi, with round flefhy leaves. 1 1, The little Por- tugal _ fcurvygrafs-leaved fklajpi. 12. The little alpine Tblafpij, with thick narrow leaves. 13. The Tblafpi called the rule of Jericho. 14. The Virginian Tblajpi, with leaves like the Ibeiis, but broader and ferrated at the eds;es. 15. The ever-green niountain-Ti/d/^'. 16. The and) -Tblajpi, with red and white flowers. 17. The bitter umbellated &e\d-TblaJpi. 18. The lefier umbellated c-Andy-Tblajpi, with white umbellatcd flowers of a fweet fcent. 19. The grafly- leaved purple-flowered umbellated Portugal-TV;/^/. 20. The graffy-leaved umbellated Portugal-TT'/fv/]'/, with whice flowers. 21. The rock-Tblajpi, with vermieulated leaves. Tourn. Inih p. 212. See the article Thlaspeos Semen, fupra.
THLASPIDIUM, in botany, the name of a genus of plants ; the characters of which are thefe. The flower conlifts of four leaves, and is of the cruciform kind. The piff.il arifes from die cup, and finally becomes a l'brt of double fruit, flat, and compofed of two parts feparated one from the other by an intermediate membrane, and each containing ufually one long- fhaped flatted feed.
The fp-jcies of Tblajpidium, enumerated by Mr. Tournefort, are thefe : 1. The French Tblajpidium, with hairy leaves like thofe of hawkweed. 2. The hairy Tblajpidium, with auri- culated flower-cups. 3. The pale yellow-flowered annual Tblajpidium. 4. The reddifh-leaved Tblajpidium. 5. The ever-flowering ihrubby Tblajpidium , with leucoium leaves. 6. The ever-flowering ihrubby Tblajpidium, with variegated leaves. 7. The alkanet-leaved Tblajpidium. 8. The fpiked Italian Tblajpidium. 9. The narrow-leaved fmooth moun- tam-Tbla/pidium. 10. The dwarf alpine rough Tblajpidium. Tourn. Gift, p. 214.
THLIBI7E, in antiquity, a kind of eunuchs. See the article Castration.
THOCOS, ©^j, in antiquity, the fame with Thacas. See the article Thacas.
THOKES, in our old writers, fifh with broken bellies, forbid by flatute to be mixed or packed with Tale-Jijb. 22 .Ed. IV. c. 2. Blount^ Cowel.
THORACIS Primus, in anatomy, a name given by many of the anatomical writers to the mufcle called by the French the Souclav'ter. See the article Subclavius.
Thoracis partus, in anatomy, a name given by many of the earlier writers to a mufcle called by the modern writers Jer- raius porticus injerior. The fame authors gave the name of tertius Thoracis to the Jerratus pojlicus Juperior.
THOKvE Radix, in the materia medica, the name of a root which keeps its place in the catalogues of officinal fimples, but is feldom ufed.
The plant which produces it is the Thora valdcnjis of Gerard. It is kept in the gardens of the curious, but grows wild in the mountainous parts of Germany. The root is compofed of a number of granules or frnall lumps, like that of the common ranunculus; the leaves are roundifh and ftand on fmall pe- dicles, and the ftalks are about fix inches high, and the flowers yellow, and like thofe of our common wild ranunculus's. The root is acrid and corrofive, and the juice of the leaves is faid to poifon animals, and to have been ufed by the an- tients for that purpofe. Pomet's Hill, of Drugs, p. 41.
THORAX (Cycl.) -Dr. Hoadley thinks it proved from Mr. Hales's experiments, in his vegetable ftatics and hsemaftatics, that there is air in the cavity of the Thorax, between the luncrs and the pleura. See his Ledures on Refpiration.
Abjcejfes in the Thorax, or breaft. One of the moft remark- able accounts we have ever had of the efFe&s of an abfeefs in the breajf, is from Mr. Chicoyneau, of the academy of Mont- pelier, given in the Memoirs of the Academy of Sciences of Paris, in 1731.
The cafe was this : A young lady of about nine years old, of a thin habit, a fprightly temper, and dry conltitution, feem- ed to be growing crooked, both her moulders but particular- ly the left were more raifed than they naturally ihould be and her whole body became fomewhat more bent than ufual toward the right fide. Mr. Chicoyneau was fent for at this time, to know whether any itop could be put to the progrefs of this bad arrangement of the parts. On examining the
. lady it was found, that though {he was naturally lean, yet there was a fullnefs all about her moulders, and that the edges of the moulder blades toward the fpine were fo elevated as to have between them and the ribs a fpace of two fingers breadth wide ; and the fpine of the back, inifead of running down in a perpendicular line was crooked, and from the fourth verte- bra downwards was pufhed out of its natural fituation ; this bending continued down to the loins, and formed a fort of arch, the convexity of which was toward the left-fide, and was fo fenfible a little below the moulder- blade, that it feemed two fingers breadth out of its place. It feemed from this that the confequences muff, be very bad, and that the young lady would inevitably fall into a terrible deformity, which neither art nor nature could prevent, and that the organs of refpira- tion would be greatly injured, as is commonly the cafe in thefe bad arrangements of the parts.
Mr. Chicoyneau took his leave with giving her parents fome flattering hopes that nature might reftore the parts in their far-
THO
ther growth, as children whofe bones are difordered by rickets often have them right again in more advanced years, and was intending to prefcribe a flight regimen ; when, about five days afterwards he was again called in on account of a fever which attacked the young lady with great violence, and was always worft during the night, going off by gentle fweating toward the morning ; on thoroughly enquiring into the fymp- toms this appeared to be a putrid fever, and, befide all the other fymptoms of that difeafe, the patient had a conftant and terrible pain in her fhoulders, and with this a very troublefome dry cough, and a difficulty of refpiration, whence it appeared too plainly, that either the lungs or the pleura were threaten- ed with an inflammatory fluxion : After twenty days the fever began to abate, but ftill did not quite leave her ; and it was not long after when all the figns of an internal l'uppuration appeared, and Mr. Chicoyneau dreaded an incurable phthifis. The pulfe after this grew much worfe, and was very irregu- lar ; and two other phyficians being called in, all agreed that the child had but few days to live, ordered only fome gentle cordials, and acquainted the parents with the danger. When all hopes were over, the nurfes acquainted the doflors on one of their vi[its, that lince their laft the patient had difcharged by fl-ool at feveral times a very large quantity of a white vifcid matter, refembling pus ; and that before every one of thefe evacuations the young patient had great irritations, and violent ' pains in the belly.
Nature had not given the patient over, though her doctors had, and foon (hewed that fhe could do what baffled the efforts of art. The matter voided was found, on examination, to be true pus, with a very fmall mixture of blood, the voiding it by ftool continued many days with the fame frequency and violence, and the fever and other fymptoms all going off at this time by regular degrees, the difcharge was foon found to be critical, and there wereibme hopes of nature's performing a cure by it.
The difcharge continued about twelve days, and at the end of a little longer time the patient was perfectly recovered. There is no doubt, from the cough and all the fymptoms, that this matter was contained in the breaft, and though it has appeared incredible to many, that matter thus formed fhould be taken up into the blood-veflels and carried in the courfe of circulation to the inteftines, and there difcharged, yet this cafe feems an inconteftible proof of the puflibility of it.
There remained now no danger to the patient, but that of the increafe of her deformity by the progrefs of the difplacing of the fpine, and other bones, as there was all the reafon in the world to believe, that during the time of this long and ter- rible illnefs thefe parts had grown much worfe ; but, on in- fpeclion, nature was found here to have been as good a phy- fician as in the other cafe; and, to the amazement of all that were prefent, the bones were all found in their natural places.
It was eafy to fee from this, that the difplacing of the bones had been wholly owing to this tumor within the breaft, the inflammation and fuppuration of which had occafioned all the illnefs the patient had endured. The tumor was doubtlefs formed in the pofterior region of the Thorax, whence it en- larged itfelf afterwards, extending to the neighbouring parts, and as to this alone was owing the caufe of the difplacing the bones, it is no wonder that when this caufe no longer fub- fifted, they again reaffirmed their places. Mem. Acad. Scienc. 1731-
Mr. le Dran remarks, that whenever any confiderable quan- tity of pus is contained in either cavity of the Thorax, that fide will appear larger than the other. Med. Eff. Edinb. Wounds of the Thorax. The wounds of the Thorax or breaft, are of three kinds ; either the wound is inflicted on the exter- nal parts only, or it penetrates into the cavity of the breaft ; or thirdly, the contents of the Thorax partake alfo of the wound.
It may be difcovered whether wounds do or do not penetrate into the cavity of the Thorax, either by the fight or by the hearing, obferving whether any found proceeds from the wound at the time of infpiration, by feeling with the probe or a finger, and obferving whether they pafs into the cavity, or meet with any refiftance, by injecting warm water, which if the wound does not penetrate will return ftrongly upon you ; and laftly, you will be convinced that it dues not by the abfence of bad fymptoms, fuch as difficulty of breathing, fainting and fick fits, which always attend a wound that pene- trates into this cavity. If the wound is found not to pene- trate, it is to be treated as a common flight wound. But fome- times an external wound of this kind runs very deep, and obliquely between the mufcles and the ribs, and is thereby rendered very difficult to be cleanfed from grumous blood and matter ; and the matter in this cale frequently deftroys the neighbouring parts, and produces ulcers, and very dangerous or incurable fiftula: ; nay, fometimes it makes its way through the pleura, into the cavity of the Thorax, and forms an em- pyema, or brings on a phthifis, and death itfelf. The great bufinefs in this cafe is to clear the finufes from the blood and matter confined in them ; and this is to be done either by preffure, or by ordering the wound to be fucked by
