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3 Shillings Sterling. In Denmark, by Rixdollars, Hors, and Schellings; the Rixdollar divided into 4 Hors, and the Hor into 2 Schellings. In Mufcovy, they account by Roubles, Altins, and Grits or Grives. The Rouble equal toiooCopecs, or 2 Rixdollars, or y Shillings Sterling J di- vided into 10 Grifs; 5 Altins $ make the Grif, or 10 Co- pecs; theCopec at 15 Pence 4 Sterling.
Turkife Moneys of Jceciint. The Turks, both in Eurape, Afia\ and Africa, account by Bourfes or Furfes; either of Silver or Gold (the laft only t; fed in the SeraglioJ with half Purfes of Gold, callu uifo Rizers. The Purfe of Silver equal to 1500 ire»i3&-I,ivres, or mh 10 s. Sterling. The half Purfe in proportion. The Purfe of Goid 15000 Sequins,. equal to 30000 French Crowns, or 6750 Founds Sterling) feldom ufed but for Prefents ro Favourites: So that a Purfe, finaply, fignifies a Purfe of Silver, or ijoo Livres. They are call'd Purfes, becaufe all the Money in the Tteafury of the Seraglio is kept in Leathern Bags or Purfes, of thofe Contents. The Merchants alfo ufe Dutch Dallers, call'd Aflani or Abouquels, with Meideins and Af- pres. The Dallcr equal to 33 Meideins, and the Meidein to 3 Afprcs; the Afprc to | Penny Sterling.
Ttrfian Moneys of Account, In Terfia, they account by the Toman (call'd alfo Man, and Tumein) and the Dinar- bifti. The Toman is compofed of 5oAbaffi's, or ico Mamou- di's, or ico Chapes, or icocc Dinars; which accounting the Abaffi on the foot of 18 French Sols, or the Dinar on that of a Denier, amounts to 3/. 12 s. 6 d. Sterling the Toman. They alfo account by Larins, efpecially at Qrmus, and on the Coafts of the Perjian Gulph. The Larin equivalent to 11 Pence Sterling;^ and on that footing ufed alfo in Arabia, and a great part of the Eaj} Indies.
Cbinefe Moneys of Account, are the Pic, Picol, and Tael; which tho in etfeel Weights, do likewife ferve as Moneys of Account 5 obtaining in Tunquin as well as Chin*. The Pic is divided inro an hundred Cad's, fome fay 125. The Can into \6 Taels > each Tael equal to 1 Ounce 2 Drachms. See Cbinefe Coins. The Picol contains 66 Cati's I 5 the Tael equivalent to 6 t. 8 d. Sterling.
Japonefe Moneys of Account, are the Schuitcs, Cockiens, Oebans or Oubans, and Tael*. Two hundred Schuitesare equal to five hundred Dutch Livres, or Pounds; the Coc- kien equal ro ten Lczv-Countrey Livres; 1000 Oebans make 45000 Taels.
Mogul Moneys of Account. At Sttrat, Agra, and the reft of the Eftates of the Great Mogah the Y u ^ e £<acres, Acres, orLeethsj implying a hundred thoufand : Thus a Lacre of Roupias is a hundred thoufand Roupias 5 the L acre be- ing nearly on the footing of the Tun of Gold in Holland ', and the Million of France.
Moneys of Account of other Tflanek end Coafts of India. Throughout Malabar, and at Goa, they ufe Tanga's, Ven- tins, and Pardoa's Xeraphin. TheTangaisof two kinds, viz. of good, and bad Alloy. Hence their Cuftom is to count by good or bad Money. The Tanga of good Alloy is-f better than the bad; fo that 4 T:mga's good being allow'd the Pardoa Xeraphin, there will be required 5 of the bad; four Vintinsgood make a Tanga likewife good 5 15 Barucos a Vintin. The good Earuco is equal to a Ponuguefe Rey, a French Denier, or ^ of a Penny Ster- ling. In the Ifland of Java, they ufe the Santa, Sapacou, Fardo's, and Cati's; which laft Money, together with the Leeth, or Lacre, is much ufed throughout all the Eaft- Itidies. The Santa is 200 Caxas, or little Pieces of that Country hung on a String; and Is equal to ~l of a Penny Sterling. Five Santa's make the Sapacou. The Fardo equal to 2 s. 8 d. Sterling. The Cati contains 20 Taels; the TaeUj. 8 rf. Sterling.
There are Iflands, Cities, and States of the Eaft-Indies, xvhofe Moneys of Account are not here exprefs'd; partly be- caufe reducible to fome of thofe above-mem ioned 5 and partly becaufe we find no certain confiflent account of 'em in any of the Authors, or Memoirs herein confulted.
African Moneys of Account. From Cape Veri, to the Cape of Good Hope, all Exchanges and Valuations of Mer- chandizes are made on the foot of the Macoute and Piece : which tho no Moneys of Account, for thofe Barbarians ha- ving no real Moneys, need no imaginary ones to value them by yet ferve in lieu thereof. At Loango de Boirie, and other Places on the Coait of Angola, the Eftimations are made by Macoutes 5 and at Mimbo, and Cahlndo, on the fame Coaft, the Negroes reckon by Pieces. Among the firft the Macoute is equivalent to ten : Ten Macoutes make an hundred; which likewife leaves us a kind oi imaginary Money. To eftirnate any Purchafe, Exchange, &c. they fix on the one fide the number of Macoutes re- quired, e. g. for a Negro; on the other for how many Macoutes they agree to receive each kind of Merchandize required for the Negro 5 fo that there are feveral Bargains made for one. Suppofe, v. g. the Slave be fix d at 3 500 3 this amounts to; 50 Macoutes. To make up this number
of Macoutes in Merchandizes, they fix the Price of each in Macoutes. Two Flemijh Knives, e.? . are accounted one Macoute; a Coppt-r-fcafhn t,wo Pounds Weight, three 5 a Barrel of Gun-Powder, three, gc. For the Piece, it fovea in like manner to efiimate the Value of Goods Duties &c. on either fide. Thus the Natives require ten Pieces lor a Slave; and the Europeans put, v. g: a Fufee at 1 Piece; a piece of Silampoures blue, at 4 pieces, $£c.
Moneys of Account amonz the Antlents. Grecian Mon eys 'of Account. The Grecians reckon'd their Sums of Money by Drachms, Mina;, and Talenta, The Drachma equal to 7 \ d. Sterling; ico Drachms made the Mina, equal ro 3 I. 4 r. 7 d. Sterling; 60 Mina: made the Talent, equal to 193 /. 1 5 s. Sterling : Hence 10b Ta- lents amounted ro 19375 /. Sterling.
The Mina and Talentum indeed, were different in diffe- rent Provinces : Their Proportions in Attic Drachms are as follow. The Syrian Mina contained 25 Attic Drachms; the Ptolemaic 53 -J; the Antiachic and Euhean roo j the b.ihylomc nfi; the greater Attic and Tynan 133 £; the JEglnean and Kbodtan 160 f.
The Syrian Talent contain'd 15^/f/cMina:; the Ptole- maic 20; the Amiochtc do; the Euhaan (Jo; the Bahyhnic 70; the greater Attic and Tynan 80; the JEglnean and Rhod n 100.
Roma's Moneys of Account, were the Seftcrtii Nimimi, Sef'ertia, and Decies Seiterrium. The Sefiertius equal to id. 55. Sterling. One thoufand of thefe made the Sefier- tium, equal to 8 /. is. 5 d. 2 a. Sterling. One thoufand of thefe Seilertia made the Decies Sefiertium (the Adverb Centies being always underilood) equal to 8072 /. 18 s, 4$ Sterling. The Decies Sefiertium they alfo call'd Decies Ccntena mill ia Nummum. Centies Sefiertium, or Centies H.S were equal 80729/. 3;. \d. Millies H S to 807*91/. 13?. 4rf. Millies Centies H S 88802c 1. 16 s. 8 d.
MONEYERS, Moneyobs, or Moniers, Officers of the Mint, who work, and coin Gold and Silver Money , and anfwer all the Walk, and Charges. See Mint and Coining.
Moneyers are alfo taken for ftankers$ or thofe who make a Trade of turning, and returning Money. See Banker.
MCMTORY Letters, are Letters of Admonition, or Warning, fenr from an Ecclefiau-'eal Judge upon Informa- tion of Scandals and Abufes within Cognizance of his Court.
MONOCHORD, a mufical Inilrument wherewith to try the. Variety and Proportion of mufical Sounds. See Tune.
It is composed of a Rule, divided and fubdivided into divers Parrs, whereon there is a String pretty well itretcb'd. upon two Bridges, at each Extreme thereof. In the mid- dle between both is a moveable Bridge, by whofe means* in applying it to the different Divifipus of the Lnei, you find that the Sounds are in the fame Proportion to one another, as the Di virions ot the Line cut by the Bridge were.
The Monochord is alfo cftllM. the Harmonical Canon, orCtf-. nonlcal Rule : becaufe ierving to mealure the Degrees of Gravity, and Acutenefs of Sounds. See Gravity, £sV.
There are alfo Monochords with 48 fix'd Bridges; the Ufe of all which may be fupply'd by one fingle moveable Bridge; which are placed in the middle, by only fluffing it under new Chords or Strings, always reprefenting the entire Sound, or the open Note.
Pythagoras is held to have been the Inventor of the Mono- chord. Ptolemy examined his Harmonical Intervals with the Monochord. See Canon.
When the Chord was divided into equal parts, fo that the Terms were as 1 and 1, they call'd them Vnifons; if they were as % to 1 , (Moves, or Dlapafons; when they were as 8 to 2, Fifths, or Diapentes; if they were as 4 to 3, they called them Fourths, or Dlatefftrons; if the Terms were as 5 to 4, Diton, or a Tierce Major; if as 6 to 5, a Demi-Diton, or a Tierce Miner; laftly, if as 24 t.015, Demi-dlton or Dieze, See Unison, Octave, Diapason, Diapente, Dia- tesseron, §£c.
The Monochord being thus divided, was properly what they call'd a Syftem, of which there were many kinds, according to the different Divifions of the Monochord. See System.
Dr. WalUs has taught the Divifiohofthe Monochord in the Philofophical TranfaEiom; but thet Inftrument is now dif- ufed, the modern Mufic not requiring fuch Divifion.
Monochord, is alfo ufed for any mufical Inftrument, confifting of only one Chord, or String. See Chor.d. The Trumpet Marine is a Monochord. See Trumpet. The Word is Greek, form'd of /uSee? folus, fingle, and Pfflp/n Chord.
MONOCHROMA, a Picture all of one Colour. See Camieux, Clair Obscure, tfc.
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