Grindelwald in 1891, but his ideal was a co-operative rather than a corporate union. The 'historic episcopate' stood in the way of amalgamation. Subsequently he worked for a federation of the evangelical free churches initiated at a congress in Manchester in Nov. 1892. The constitution of the National Free Church Council, adopted at Nottingham in March 1896, was drawn up by him; for six years (1892–8) he acted as secretary, and was president in 1899. Meanwhile he had become in 1891 chairman of the council of Mansfield College, Oxford, in succession to Dale, and on two occasions delivered courses of lectures in the college ('ministerial jurisprudence' and 'pastoral theology').
Despite his varied energy, Mackennal remained through life a close student, a finished preacher, and an assiduous pastor. His thoughts on critical and theological questions were ax once broad and deep; exaggeration and excitement he abhorred, and he had no liking for 'reckless evangelising' of the Moody type. In his limitation of the Divine omniscience he falls unconsciously into a Socinian position (Life, p. 137). In politics he was no prominent figure, but a consistent advocate of an anti-war policy. He died at Highgate on 23 June 1904, and was buried at Bowdon. He married in 1867 Fanny (d. 12 Jan. 1903), daughter of Dr. Hoile of Montrose, and widow of Colin Wilson, by whom he had three sons and two daughters.
In addition to single sermons and addresses, he published : 1. 'Christ's Healing Touch, and other Sermons,' 1871 (sermons at Surbiton). 2. 'The Life of Christian Consecration,' 1877 (sermons at Leicester). 3. 'Sermons from a Sick Room,' Manchester, 1880. 4. 'Memoir,' prefixed to 'Sermons by George James Proctor,' 1881. 5. 'The Christian Testimony : Four Pastoral Lectures,' Manchester, 1883. 6. 'The Biblical Scheme of Nature and Man,' Manchester, 1886 (four lectures). 7. 'Life of John Allison Macfadyen,' D.D., 1891 (father of his own biographer; an excellent piece of work). 8. 'The Story of the English Separatists,' 1893, 4to. 9. 'The Seven Churches in Asia : Types of the Religious Life,' 1895; 1898. 10. 'Homes and Haunts of the Pilgrim Fathers,' 1899, 4to (illustrations by C. Whymper). 11. 'The Kingdom of the Lord Jesus,' 1900. 12. 'Sketches in the Evolution of English Congregationalism,' 1901 (Carew lecture at Hartford, Conn.). 13. 'The Eternal Son of God and the Human Sonship,' 1903.
[D. Macfadyen, Alexander Mackennal, Life and Letters, 1905 (two portraits); Congregational Year Book, 1905; Dale, Hist. Eng. Congregationalism, 1907, pp. 745–7; Addison's Graduates Univ. Glasgow, 1898; The Times, 14 Jan. 1903; 25 and 27 June 1904; Proceedings, First Nat. Council of Free Churches, 1896; Free Church Federation Movement, Historical Sketch, 1900 (portrait).]
MACKENZIE, Sir ALEXANDER (1842–1902), lieutenant-governor of Bengal, born at Dumfries on 28 June 1842, was eldest son of the eleven children of John Robertson Mackenzie, D.D. (1811-1877), minister of the established church at Dumfries till the disruption, then minister of Free St. Mary's church there, minister at Birmingham (1847-74), and sometime moderator of the English presbyterian synod. His mother was Alexandrina, fourth daughter of James Christie, M.D., of Huntly. At King Edward VI's school, Birmingham, he passed through all the classes and became head boy on the classical side. Entering Trinity Hall, Cambridge, with a founder's exhibition in 1859, he did well in the college examinations, but declined to compete in the classical tripos, owing to his inability to subscribe to the Anglican test for a fellowship. In the Indian civil service examination of July 1861 he came out second to (Sir) James Westland [q. v. Suppl. II].
Arriving in India on 11 Dec. 1862, he served in Bengal as assistant magistrate and collector, and from February 1866 as under secretary and junior secretary to the local government. Here he had charge of the political correspondence of the province, which then included Assam, and at the request of Sir William Grey [q. v.] he wrote a 'Memorandum on the North-East Frontier of Bengal' (Calcutta, 1869), which he subsequently brought up to date in his 'History of the Relations of Government with the Hill Tribes of the North-East Frontier of Bengal' (Calcutta, 1884). A standard authority, the work is singularly candid, and drew some protest from the government of India (Foreign Depart. Letter, Simla, 23 May 1884).
Placed on special duty in December 1873 in connection with the Bengal-Behar famine, he injured his eyesight by his application, and took long furlough home (May 1874 to November 1875). On return he served as secretary to the board of revenue; magistrate and collector of Murshidabad from April 1876; again secretary to the board from March 1877; financial secretary to the Bengal government
