of fifteen, he became organist of St. Barnabas Roman catholic cathedral, Nottingham, and retaining that post for fifteen years, brought the music to a degree of excellence hitherto unknown in the Midlands. He was also bandmaster of the Nottingham corps of volunteers known as the 'Robin Hood Rifles.' Meanwhile he was drawn to London, where he gave an organ recital at the Great Exhibition of 1851; though only sixteen, he created a notable impression. Six years later he settled in London, though still maintaining his professional connection with Nottingham. In 1860 he was appointed organist and choir director of the Catholic Apostolic church in Gordon Square, Bloomsbury, a post which he practically, by himself or by deputy, retained till his death. In 1869 he went to St. George's, Bloomsbury, where he remained until his last appointment at St. Bride's, Fleet Street, in 1888.
Turpin was honorary secretary of the Royal College of Organists from 1875 onwards, and rendered splendid service as an administrator and examiner. The college commemorates him by a prize fund instituted in 1911. He received the degree of Mus. Doc. from the archbishop of Canterbury in 1889, and in 1892 was appointed warden of Trinity College of Music, London. Turpin died in London on 25 October 1907. He married (1) in 1867 Sarah Anne, daughter of Robert Watson of Whitemoor, Nottinghamshire, by whom he had a daughter; (2) in 1905 Miss Sarah Hobbs.
Turpin was widely known as an organist, and inaugurated many new organs; he was also a good pianist, and could play most of the orchestral instruments. He was a successful lecturer on musical subjects, and was intimately associated with London musical journalism, editing the 'Musical Standard' from 1880 to 1886, and again from 1889 to 1890. For some years he was co-editor of 'Musical News,' and he had connections also with the 'Musical World' and the 'Academic Gazette.' He edited the 'Student's Edition' of classical pianoforte music (Weekes), with marginal analyses; completed Mr. W. T. Best's edition of Bach's organ works (Augener), and prepared numerous organ arrangements and voluntaries. His own compositions include a Stabat Mater, two oratorios, two cantatas, a symphony, various concert overtures, church music of different kinds, pianoforte music, and about twenty organ pieces.
[Biographical Sketch of Edmund Hart Turpin, by Charles W. Pearce, with bibliography, 1911; Musical Herald, Dec. 1907 (with portrait); Brit. Musical Biog.; Grove's Dict. of Music, 1906, v. 188.]
TWEEDMOUTH, second Baron. [See Marjoribanks, Edward (1849–1909), politician.]
TYABJI, BADRUDDIN (1844–1906), Indian judge and reformer, born at Bombay on 10 Oct. 1844, was fifth of the six sons of Tyabji Bhaimai, a Sulimani Bhora, by his wife Aminabibhi. (The Bhoras are Gujerati Musalmans converted from various Hindu castes, and the Sulimanis seceded from the general body in the sixteenth century.) Tyabji' s father, a native of Cambay, was the first of his family to settle in Bombay, and, building up a large business there, he became both the secular and religious head of his community. At a time when the Indian Mahomedans held aloof from Western influence, he sent all his sons to be trained in Europe. The third son, Camruddin, the first Indian to come to England for a professional education, was the first Indian to be admitted a solicitor in England (25 Nov. 1858), and established a lucrative business in Bombay.
Badruddin received his early education at the Elphinstone Institution (now College), Bombay, and in April 1860 came to England and studied at the Newbury Park high school. He entered the Middle Temple as a student 27 April 1863, and matriculated at the London University in the same year. Returning to India in October 1864, owing to eye-trouble, he was not called to the English bar till 30 April 1867; he was the first Indian to attain that honour.
Settling in Bombay, he became the first native barrister of an Indian high court, and soon built up a prosperous practice. About 1879 he first engaged in public affairs outside his professional work. At a town meeting in May 1879 he urged a memorial to parliament against the abolition of the import duties on Manchester goods. In 1882 he was nominated by government to the Bombay legislative council, and served for the customary period of two years. In December 1885 he associated himself with the first Indian National Congress, which met at Bombay, and he was president of the third annual session held in Madras in December 1887. His presidential speech was moderate and sensible. Unlike Syed (afterwards Sir) Ahmed Khan, who largely influenced Mahomedan feeling, he deprecated the aloofness of Mahomedans from the
