Waverley Abbey, Surrey, and sister of General Sir Lothian Nicholson [q. v.] Lady Galton and two daughters survived him.
A good photograph was published in the 'Journal of the Sanitary Institute' for April 1899. A bust, by Thomas Brock, R.A., is in course of execution for erection in the shire hall, Worcester.
Galton was the author of the following: 1. 'Report on the Herbert Hospital at Woolwich,' London, 1865, 4to. 2. 'Organisation of the War Office,' 1868. 3. 'The Construction of Hospitals,' London, 1869, 8vo. 4. 'Sanitary Engineering,' Chatham, 1877, fol. 5. 'Technical Education,' London, 1878, 8vo. 6. 'Brake Experiments,' 1879 and 1880. 7. 'The Construction of Healthy Dwellings,' Oxford, 1880, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1896. 8. 'Preventable Causes of Impurity in London Air,' London, 1880, 8vo. 9. 'Ventilating, Warming, and Lighting : Lectures at the International Health Exhibition,' London, 1884, 8vo. 10. 'Army Sanitation,' Chatham, 1887, 8vo. 11. 'Healthy Hospitals,' Oxford, 1893, 8vo. Many of his reports on sewerage and drainage, such as 'Lincoln County Hospital' in 1873 and the town of Cannes in 1883, have been published. He contributed two papers to the 'Professional Papers of the Royal Engineers,' one on 'Drawbridges' in 1844, and the other on 'Hospital Construction' in 1898.
[War Office Records; Royal Engineers' Records; memoirs in the Journal of the Sanitary Institute (with portrait), April 1889, in the Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, August 1899, in Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1899, vol. cxxxvii., and in the Royal Engineers Journal, July 1900; Blue-books; private sources.]
GANDY, HENRY (1649–1734), non-juring bishop, son of John Gandy, 'doctor,' of South Brent, Devonshire, was born on 14 Oct. 1649. He entered at Merchant Taylors' School in 1663, and proceeded to Oriel College, Oxford; matriculated 15 March 1666-7; graduated B.A. 17 Oct. 1670, M.A. 1674; was elected fellow 30 Nov. 1670, and proctor 18 April 1683. He was senior fellow of Oriel when deprived for refusing the oath of allegiance in 1690. As a nonjuror he was a leading (anonymous) controversialist on that side, and a strenuous advocate for maintaining the schism, when Ken, the sole survivor of the deprived bishops, expressed (1710) his wish that the breach might be closed, and Dodwell, Nelson, and Brokesby returned to the national church. In 1716 he was consecrated bishop by Jeremy Collier [q. v.], Nathaniel Spinckes [q. v.], and Samuel Hawes (d. 1722). On the rise (1717) of the controversy about 'usages,' he deserted Collier, and followed Spinckes in adhering closely to the Anglican ritual. In 1720 he joined Spinckes and Hawes in consecrating Hilkiah Bedford [q. v.] and Ralph Taylor (who returned to the national church); on 11 June 1725 he assisted in consecrating John Blackbourne [q. v.]; in 1726, in consecrating Henry Hall; on 25 March 1728 he presided at the consecration of Richard Rawlinson [q. v.], and in the same year at that of George Smith (1693–1756) [q. v.]
He died in Scroop Court, Holborn, on 26 Feb. 1733-4, and was buried in St. Pancras churchyard on '30' Feb. His will (made 1 March 1731-2; proved 8 March 1734) leaves all to his wife Ann, except 50l. to his daughter Anne when of age. His engraved likeness represents him with mitre and two croziers. Lathbury reckons him 'one of the best divines of the period,' but thinks his answer to Dodwell 'disingenuous.' Noble, by a strange blunder, derived from Granger's manuscript, calls him a Roman catholic. Among his publications are : 1. 'A Letter in Vindication of the Answer to the Queries concerning Schism and Toleration,' 1701, 4to (anon.) 2. 'Old England ... the Government of England . . . hereditary,' 1705, 8vo (anon.) 3. ' Jure Divino : or an Answer to all ... Republicans,' 1707, 4to (anon.) 4. 'Bibliotheca Scriptorum Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ. . . . Tracts relating to the government ... of the Church of England,' 1709, 8vo (anon.) 5. 'A Conference between Gerontius and Junius. In which Mr. Dodwell's "Case in View now in Fact" is considered,' 1711, 8vo (anon.) He prefixed a preface to 'The Subject's Sorrow' [1710], 8vo, by Robert Brown.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500-1714; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), ii. 386; Wood's Life (Bliss), p. cxxi; Life of Kettlewell, App. p. xxxii (calls him Gerney); Noble's Continuation of Granger, 1806, iii. 173; Lathbury's Hist. of the Nonjurors, 1845; Shadwell's Registrum Orielense, 1893, i. 317; Gandy's will at Somerset House.]
GATES, HORATIO (1728–1806), major-general in the service of the United State* of North America, born in 1728 at Maldon in Essex, was the son of a housekeeper of Peregrine Osborne, second duke of Leeds [q. v.], 'who, marrying a young husband when very old, had this son by him.' Horace Walpole was his godfather (Walpole, Journal of the Reign of George III, 1859, ii. 200; cf. Walpole, Letters, ed. Cunning-
