carriers, and on 11 June 1888 (when he had heen at Yambuya nearly twelve months) he started on the march eastwards to seek out Mr. Stanley. The Zanzibaris began to desert with their loads within four days, and it was found necessary to disarm them. On 24 June Barttelot, with fourteen Zanzibaris and three Soudanese, went back to Stanley Falls, and soon after his arrival had a palaver with Tippoo-Tib, who gave him full powers to deal with the carriers. He then resumed his march, and rejoined his main body at Banalya (or Unaria) on 17 July, an Arab encampment on the Aruwimi. Here, on 19 July, he was shot through the heart by an Arab in a hut, while endeavouring to put a stop to the annoyance caused him by the man's wife beating a drum and by unauthorised firing. The man, who ran away, was tried and executed at Stanley Falls some days later. Barttelot's body was buried near the spot where he fell by Sergeant Bonny, the only European who was then with the rearguard of the expedition. A month later Mr. Stanley arrived at Yambuya on 17 Aug. 1888. On his return to England he threw blame upon Barttelot and the other officers left with him at Yambuya for their conduct in failing to follow him. Much controversy ensued; but the published narratives of all the members of the rearguard, while differing on some secondary points, proved the impossibility of leaving the camp without sufficient carriers and while its occupants were in an enfeebled condition. Barttelot was a severe disciplinarian, had a somewhat hasty temper, and was unversed in dealing with orientals, but his character was freed of all serious reproach.
A brass tablet to his memory was erected in Stopham church by his brother officers of the 7th fusiliers, and another by his companions in the Emin expedition. A tablet was also placed in the memorial chapel, Sandhurst, and a stained glass window in Storringdon church.
[For Sir Walter Barttelot see Burke's Peerage; Men of the Time, 1 3th edit.; Times, 3 Feb. 1893; Sussex Daily News, 3 Feb.; Hansard's Parl. Debates, passim; Lucy's Diary of Two Parliaments, i. 434, ii. 210, 211; J. M'Carthy's Reminiscences, ch. xxxiii. 32. For Major Barttelot see Life (with Diaries and Letters) by his brother, 1890 (French edit. 1891); Stanley's In Darkest Africa, i. 117-26, and chap. xx.; and the narratives by J. S. Jameson (edit. Mrs. Jameson), J. E. Troup, and H. Ward, most of which have portraits of Barttelot. See also A Visit to Stanley's Rearguard by J. E. Werner (an engineer in service of Congo Free State), chaps, x. xi.; Blackwood, August 1890.]
BATE, CHARLES SPENCE (1819–1889), scientific writer, born at Trenick House, in the parish of St. Clement, near Truro, on 16 March 1819, was the eldest son of Charles Bate (1789-1872), a Truro dentist, who married, at St. Clement, Harriet Spence (1788-1879). He was educated at Truro grammar school from 1829 to 1837, and, after being in the surgery of Mr. Blewett for two years, devoted himself to dentistry under his father's instruction. When qualified he established himself at Swansea in 1841.
In this Welsh seaport Bate made the acquaintance of many scientific students, and took up the study of natural history. On the visit of the British Association to Swansea in 1848 he became a member of the society, and on more than one subsequent occasion was the president of a section. He was mainly instrumental in procuring its visit to Plymouth in 1877, and was a vice-president of the meeting.
Bate left Swansea in 1851, and settled at 8 Mulgrave Place, Plymouth, whither his father had long since migrated from Truro. He succeeded to his father's practice as a dentist, and rose to be the leading member of the profession outside London, receiving the license of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1860. He was elected a member of the Odontological Society in 1856, and acted as its vice-president from 1860 to 1862, and as its president in 1885, being the first dentist in the provinces to fill that office. The dental section of the international medical congress, held in London in 1881, secured his services as vice-president, and in 1883 he was the president of the British Dental Association.
All the institutions connected with Plymouth benefited by Bate's enthusiasm. He was elected a member of the Plymouth Institution in 1852, served as secretary from 1854 to 1860, president in 1861-2 and 1869-1870, and member of the council from 1853 to 1883. He was a curator of the museum and the editor of the 'Transactions' of the society from 1 869 to 1883, and in nearly every year from 1853 to 1882 he lectured before its members. Bate was one of the founders of the Devonshire Association, senior general secretary in 1862, and president in 1863, contributing many papers to its 'Transactions,' especially on the antiquities of Dartmoor, a district very familiar to him.
Bate was universally recognised as the greatest living authority on Crustacea. He corresponded with Thomas Edward [q. v.] about them from 1856, and between 1861 and 1865 received from Edward 'multitudes
