1862, though a desultory work, contained much of the old vigorous stuff which characterised his previous writings, but it attracted small attention, and 'Romano Lavo-Lil,' when it appeared in 1872, was known only to the specially interested and the curious. Still Borrow remained unchanged. His strong individuality asserted itself in his narrowed circle. His love for the roadside, the heath, the gipsies' dingle, was as true as in other days. He was the same lover of strange books, the same passionate wanderer among strange people, the same champion of English manliness, and the same hater of genteel humbug and philistinism. Few men have put forth so many high qualities and maintained them untarnished throughout so long a career as did this striking figure of the nineteenth century. He died at Oulton in August 1881.
Probably Borrow was not a scientific philologist in the modern sense of the term, but it cannot be disputed that he was a great linguist. His work 'Targum' affords a proof of this, and the assertion is further borne out by the fact that at this time he translated and printed the New Testament, as well as some of the Homilies of the church of England, into Manchu, the court language of China. Among other of his translations were the Gospel of St. Luke into the dialect of the Gitanos, a work which he presented to the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1871; 'The Sleeping Bard' from the Cambrian-British of Ellis Wynn into English, as well as many Russian tales; Ewald's mythological poem, 'The Death of Balder,' from the Danish; and our own 'Blue Beard' into Turkish.
The most authentic account of travel is that which he gives us in his 'Bible in Spain,' a country in which he passed through many notable adventures, and where he was imprisoned for sending home a too faithful account of General Quesada's exploits.
The following is a complete list of Borrow's works: 1. 'Faustus. His Life, Death . . . translated from the German of F. M. von Klinger, by G. B.,' 1825, 8vo. 2. 'Romantic Ballads ' (translated from the Danish of A. G. Ohlenslager and from the Kiempé Viser) and Miscellaneous Pieces from the Danish of Ewald and others, Norwich, 1826, 8vo. 3. 'Targum; or Metrical Translations from Thirty Languages and Dialects. With the author's autograph presentation in Danish to S. Magnusson,' St. Petersburg, 1835, 8vo. 4. New Testament (Luke): 'Embéo e Majaró Lucas ... El Evangelio segun S. Lucas traducido al Romani, by G. B.,' 1837, 16mo. 5. 'The Bible in Spain,' 3 vols. London, 1843, 12mo. 6. 'The Zincali; or an Account of the Gypsies in Spain,' 2 vols. London, 1841, 12mo. 7. 'Lavengro, the Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest,' London, 1851, 12mo. 8. 'The Romany Rye, a sequel to Lavengro,' 2 vols. 1867, 12mo. 9. 'The Sleeping Bard, translated from the Cambrian-British by G. B.,' 1860, 12mo. 10. 'Wild Wales: its People, Language, and Society,' 3 vols. London, 1862, 8vo. 11. 'Romano Lavo-Lil, word-book of the Romany; or English Gipsy Language, &c,' London, 1874, 8vo. In 1867 was advertised as ready for the press 'Penquite and Pentyre; or the Head of the Forest and the Headland. A book on Cornwall,' 2 vols.
[The information contained in this sketch is derived from personal knowledge of the author himself and of his life, and from information given to the writer by his father, Dr. Gordon Hake, Borrow's old friend, and by Borrow's step-daughter, Mrs. MacAubrey, who is his sole representative, and is in possession of several valuable manuscripts by him which have not been published.]
BORSTALE, THOMAS (d. 1290?), scholastic theologian, was a native of Norfolk, and belonged to the convent of Augustinian friars (Friars Eremites) at Norwich. He lived for some time abroad, principally at Paris, where he acquired a great reputation as a theologian and disputant, and obtained the degree of doctor of divinity from the Sorbonne. The writings attributed to him are: 1. 'Super Magistrum Sententiarum' (four books). 2. 'Quodlibeta Scholastica' (one book). 3. 'Ordinariæ Disceptationes' (one book). He died at Norwich in or about the year 1290.
[Bale's Script. 111. Maj. Brit. (Basle edition, 1557), p. 345; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, 374; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 113.]
BORTHWICK, DAVID (d. 1581), of Lochill, lord advocate of Scotland in the reign of James VI, was educated at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, where his name occurs among the determinants in 1625. He was called to the bar in 1549. He is mentioned by Knox as at first in favour of the Congregation, but afterwards as one of the many whom the queen dowager 'abusit, and by quham sche corrupted the hartis of the sempill.' In 1552 he served on the commission appointed to treat with the English commission on border affairs (Register of Privy Council of Scotland, i. 150). For some time he acted as legal adviser to Bothwell, whose counsel he was both in reference to Queen Mary's abduction to Dunbar, and to the murder of Darnley. Along with Crichton
