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Calcraft

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��Calcraft

��1788, and was promoted lieutenant in 1793, in which year his regiment was ordered to ioin the force under the Duke of York in Flanoers. With it he served at the battle of Famars, the siege of Valenciennes, and the ai&ir of Villiers-en-Couche, where 160 troopers of the 15th light dragoons with 112 Austrian hussars defeated a corps of 10,000 Frenchmen and saved the life of the emperor. For this exploit all the eight officers of the 15th pre- sent were knighted, and received the order of Maria Theresa from the Emperor Leopold. In the same month, April 1794, Calcraft was promoted captain, and his regiment was fre- quently engaged throughout the disastrous retreat of the following winter. In 1799 he accompanied Major-general Lord Paget, who commanded the cavalry brigade in the expe- dition to the Helder, as aide-de-camp ; he was wounded at the second battle of Alkmaer on 1 Oct., and was for his services promoted major into the 25th light dragoons inl>ecember 1799. In the following year he exchanged into the 3rd dragoon guards, of which he oecame lieutenant-colonel on 25 Dec. 1800, and he commanded that regiment continuously with great reputation until his promotion to the rank of major-general in 1813. In 1807 he was electea M.F. for Wareham, but resigned his seat at the close of 1808 on his regiment being ordered for service in the Peninsula. The 3rd dragoon guards were at once bri- gaded with the 4th dragoons under the com- mand of Henry Fane, as the heavy brigade, which was engaged in the battle of Talavera. General Fane fell ill, and Calcraft assumed the command of the brigade, which he held until the arrival of George de Grey in May 1810. The brigade was frequently engaged during the retreat on Torres Vedras, and again in the pursuit of Mass^na in March 1811. After the combat of Foz d*Aronce, the heavy brigade served on the left bank of the Tagus under Marshal Beresford, and Calcraft, who had been promoted colonel for his services on 25 July 1810, was engaged at the head of his regiment at Campo Mayor, where he earnestly begged to be allowed to succour the 13th light dragoons, at the battle of Al- buera, and in Lumley*s charge at Los Santos on 16 April 1811. In January 1812 the heavy brigade, which was again temporarily under the command of Calcraft, assisted in covering the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, and when Wel- lington formed the siege of Badajoz, it was left with General Graham's division to watch Marmont. After Salamanca the cavalry division distinguished itself in the affisiir of Llera on 11 June 1812, when General Lal- lemand's cavalry was cut to pieces, and in General Slade's report the ' conspicuous gal-

��lantry' of Calcraft is specially mentioned ( Wellington Supplementary DespatcheSf vii. 348). The brigade was then engaged in covering Hill's retreat from Madrid, and in December 1812 Calcraft was made a knight of the Portuguese order of the Tower and Sword for his services. On 4 June 1813 he was promoted major-general, and left the Peninsula after four years' continuous and distinguished service. He was compara- tively neglected in later years. His pobtical opinions were peculiarly obnoxious to the ministry, whose jobbery was repeatedly at- tacked by his brother, at the instigation (it was believed) of Sir Granby. In 1813 he was appointed to the command of a brigade in England, and in 1814 received only a gold medal for the battle of Talavera. In 1814 he threw up his staff appointment, and lived in retirement, a somewnat disappointed and certainly an ill-used man, until his death on 20 Aug. 1820.

[Royal Military Calendar ; Record of the 3rd Dragoon Guards; Wellington Despatches and Supplementary Despatches.] H. M. S.

CALCRAFT, JOHN, the elder (1726- 1772), politician, was the son of a solicitor at Grantham, who acted as town clerk of the borough, and manipulated its parliamentary contests in favour of the Duke of Rutland a nominees. Through the influence of the Mar- quis of Granby he obtained a small clerkship in the pay office or commissariat department, but his astounding rise into wealth and power was due to the patronage of Henry Fox, the first lord Holland, of whom Calcraft was by some writers said to be the cousin, and by others insinuated to be the natural son. When Fox became the paymaster-general he reposed implicit confidence in this young of- ficial, made him the medium in his commu- nications with the chiefs of the army, and appointed him agent for as many regiments as ne could. Through the aid of the same unscrupulous politician Calcraft was placed in the lucrative position of deputy commis- sary-general of musters, and m the eyes of the multitude, who were then unacquainted with his keenness and talents, he was con- sidered to hold his position in trust for Fox. After a time Calcraft withdrew from the civil service and devoted himself entirelv to his business as army agent or quasi-banker and contractor for the lorces, in which position he found his official knowledge of the greatest utility, and speedily secured a * revenue su- perior to any nobleman's estate in the king- dom.' He * riots in the plunder of an army ' was the expressive phrase in which Juniua afterwards summed up the general estimate

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