against the literal interpretation of the command to give all to the poor, observes that Stebbing has two livings, a preachership and an archdeaconry, and is now becoming chancellor of the diocese of Salisbury, and can therefore hardly interpret the command literally for himself. In 1741 appeared a 'Discourse on Miracles,' arguing that they can at most afford a 'probable proof' of a revelation; in 1743 an 'Enquiry concerning Redemption,' in which he defends himself against some sneers of Warburton's; and in 1745, 'The Ground and Foundation of Morality considered,' an attack upon Rutherforth's theory of self-love. The last work published by himself was 'Four Dissertations' (1746), in which he attacks some passages in the Old Testament with a freedom which gave general offence.
Chubb, who had lived quietly in Salisbury, where he presided over a club for the discussion of his favourite topics, died suddenly on 8 Feb. 1747, and was buried in St. Edmund's churchyard by his old employer, Lawrence. He had imprudently given up walking, and indulged too much in 'milk diet.' He was short and stout. He appears to have been of very inoffensive and modest character, and generally respected. S. Clarke, Bishop Hoadly, and others are said to have read and approved some of his tracts in manuscript, and never to have corrected them, 'even in regard to orthography, in which Chubb was deficient.' He went regularly to his parish church. He never married, thinking, as he says, that he had no right to bring a family into the world without a prospect of supporting them. After his death appeared (1748) his 'Posthumous Works' in 2 vols., the greater part of which is taken up with 'The Author's Farewell to his Readers.' This contains the best summary of his opinions, and gives most of the ordinary deist arguments. He regards the mission of Christ as divine, and calls himself a christian. He is, however, not a believer in the divinity of Christ.
Chubb could not surmount the disadvantages of his education. His teaching was inconsistent and ill-defined. Though frequently mentioned in contemporary controversy, he is generally noticed with the contempt naturally provoked by his want of scholarship or philosophical knowledge. He did not make such an impression as Toland or Tindal, and his writings fall chiefly after 1730, when the deist controversy culminated with Tindal's 'Christianity as old as the Creation.' He is, however, entitled to respect for his sincerity, modesty, his general moderation of tone, and moral elevation. His most formidable critic was Jonathan Edwards, who attacks Chubb's freewill theory in his great 'Treatise on the Freedom of the Will' (pt. i. sec. X.) He appears to have been a good deal read in America.
[Biog. Brit, (information from Mr. Cooper of Salisbury and Rev. C. Toogood of Sherborne); Preface to Posthumous Tracts; Short and Faithful Account of . . . Thomas Chubb in a letter from a Gentleman . . . (1747). A reply was made to this by Philalethes Antichubbius (F. Horler) in Memoirs of T. Chubb . . . a Fuller and more Faithful Account, London, 1747, full of brutal abuse. This produced a Vindication of the Memory of Thomas Chubb, by a Moral Philosopher, and two letters from J . . . L . . . le, one of the people called Quakers, all published in 1747. Hoare's Modern Wiltshire, vi. 637–9; Leland's View (1776), i. 192–240; Stephen's English Thought in Eighteenth Century, i. 163.]
CHUBBES, WILLIAM (d. 1505), master of Jesus College, Cambridge (whose name is given in the 'History of Framlingham' as Chubbis, Jubbis, Chubbs, or Jubbs), was born at Whitby, and was educated at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, where he took his first degree in 1465. He was ordained deacon on 5 April 1460, priest on 19 Sept. 1467, M.A. 1469, D.D. 1491. He seems to have resided in college, and in 1486 was elected to fill a new office, next in rank to that of the master, as president of Pembroke. He was the author of two works: 1. 'Introduction to Logic' 2. A Commentary on Duns-Scotus, which covered a considerable part of the field of education of his day: its title was 'Declaratio Doctoris Shubys Magistri Collegii de Jhesu Cantabrigiae super Scotum in secunde folio.' When Bishop Alcock was taking measures for erecting a college on the site and endowments of the discredited nunnery of St. Rhadegund, he consulted much with Chubbes, and eventually (1497) appointed him first master of the new college, which office he held until his death in November 1505. He was a benefactor both of Jesus and Pembroke.
[Mullinger's History of the University of Cambridge, ii. 425; Cooper's Athenæ Cantabrigienses, i. 10; Hawes and Loder's History of Framlingham, p. 21; Parker's Skeleton Cantabrigæ.]
CHUDLEIGH, ELIZABETH, Countess of Bristol (1720–1788), calling herself Duchess of Kingston, the only child of Colonel Thomas Chudleigh, lieutenant-governor of Chelsea Hospital, the younger brother of Sir George Chudleigh [q. v.] of Ashton, Devonshire, and Harriet, daughter of Mr. Chudleigh of Chalmington, Dorsetshire, was born in 1720.
