singular mixture of all things—of the saint, the wit, the philosopher—swimming, if I mistake not, in an element of dandyism’ (Froude, Life of Carlyle, 1795–1835, ii, 177). Drummond built a church for the Irvingites at Albury at a cost of 16,000l., and Irvingism long prevailed in the locality. He also supported its quarterly magazine, the ‘Morning Watch,’ visited Scotland as an apostle in 1834, was ordained an angel for Scotland in Edinburgh, and was preaching on miracles in the chief church of the body as late as 1856. He believed that he heard supernatural voices at Nice; and in 1836 Drummond posted down to the Archbishop of York at Nuneham to tell him of the approaching end of the world (Greville Memoirs, 1st ser. iii. 333; McCullagh, Life of Lord Melbourne, ii. 176). He was returned to parliament in 1847 as member for West Surrey, and held that seat till his death. He was a tory of the old school, but upon his election did not pledge himself to any party. He always voted for the budget on principle, no matter what the government of the day might be. In 1855 he supported the ministry under the attacks upon them for their conduct of the war, declaring that the house was ‘cringing’ to the press, was a member of Roebuck's committee of inquiry, and prepared a draft report, which was rejected. He was particularly active during the debates upon the Divorce Bill in 1857. He was a frequent speaker and a remarkable figure in the house, perfectly independent, scarcely pretending to consistency, attacking all parties in turn in speeches delivered in an immovable manner, and with an almost inaudible voice, full of sarcasm and learning, but also of not a little absurdity. He spoke especially on ecclesiastical questions, in support of the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill and of the inspection of convents, and against the admission of Jews to parliament. (For descriptions of his character see Kinglake, Crimean War, 6th ed. vii. 317; Holland, Recollections, 2nd ed. p. 156; Quarterly Review, cxxxii. 184; Oliphant, Life of Edward Irving, 4th ed. pp. 176, 203.). He wrote many pamphlets, most of which were republished with his speeches after his death by Lord Lovaine, and several religious and devotional works, and brought out at great cost one volume of a ‘History of Noble British Families’ (1846). He was a generous landlord, allowing allotments to his labourers at Albury as early as 1818. He died at Albury Feb. 1860.
[Memoir in Lord Lovaine's edition of his work; Croker Papers; Oliphant's Life of E. Irving; Gent. Mag. December 1860.]
DRUMMOND, JAMES, first Baron Maderty (1540?–1623), second son of David, second lord Drummond, by his wife, Lilias, eldest daughter of William, second lord Ruthven, was born about 1540. He was educated with James VI, who throughout his life treated him with marked favour. On his coming of age his father gave him the lands and titles of the abbey of Inchaffray in Strathearn, in virtue of which possession he was known as ‘commendator’ of Inchaffray. He also had charters of the baronies of Auchterarder, Kincardine, and Drymen in Perthshire and Stirling, 3 Sept. 1582, and 20 Oct. of the lands of Kirkhill. In 1585 he was appointed a lord of the bedchamber by James VI. He was with the king at Perth 5 Aug. 1600, during the so-called Gowrie plot, and afterwards gave depositions relative to the affair. In 1609 (31 Jan.) the king converted the abbey of Inchaffray into a temporal lordship, and made Drummond a peer, with the title of Lord Maderty, the name being that of the parish in which Inchaffray was situated. He had further charters of Easter Craigton in Perthshire, 23 May 1611; of the barony of Auchterarder (to him and his second son), 27 July 1615; and of the barony of Innerpeffray, 24 March 1618. He died in September 1623. He married Jean, daughter of James Chisholm of Cromlix, Perthshire, who through her mother was heiress of Sir John Drummond of Innerpeffray, which property she brought into her husband's family, and by her he had two sons (John, second lord Maderty, and James of Machany) and four daughters, Lilias, Jean, Margaret, and Catherine.
[Douglas and Wood's Peerage of Scotland, ii. 550; Anderson's Scottish Nation, iii. 529.]
DRUMMOND, JAMES, fourth Earl and first titular Duke of Perth (1648–1716), was elder son of James, third earl, prisoner at the battle of Philiphaugh, 13 Sept. 1645, who died 2 June 1675. His mother, who died 9 Jan. 1656, was Lady Anne Gordon, eldest daughter of George, second marquis of Huntly. He was educated at St. Andrews, and visited France and possibly Russia. On 18 Jan. 1670 he married Lady Jane Douglas, fourth daughter of William, first marquis of Douglas, and he succeeded to the earldom at his father's death in 1675 (Douglas, Peerage of Scotland). The depressed condition of his family made him ready to take any measures for improving it, and at the end of 1677 he wrote to Lauderdale to offer his co-operation in the worst act of that governor's rule of Scotland—the letting loose of the highlanders upon the disaffected western shires (Lauderdale Papers, Camden Soc. iii.
