temporary peace between the two parties (Dunst. iii. 223). He met Montfort for this purpose at Canterbury on 12 July (Cont. Gervase, ii. 223, ex Chron. Dover, in Cott. MS. Julius D.V.). He was summoned to, but did not attend, the parliament at Winchester in September 1265 (Waverley, ii. 366). In 1266, along with other bishops of his party, he was cited to appear before the legate Ottobuoni, who suspended him till he had obtained absolution from the pope (Dunst. iii. 240; Oseney, iv. 181). Apparently, however, Gravesend did not at once leave England, for, according to the ‘Annals of Oseney,’ on 22 Jan. 1267 he confirmed the election of William of Sutton as abbat of Oseney, and in the following March appointed John of Oxford abbat of Eynsham (iv. 208, 213). But a little later complaints were made of his being in exile (Rishanger, Chron. p. 55), and the ‘Oseney Annals’ (iv. 181) say that he was several years abroad, but at length obtained grace of the pope, the ‘Dunstable Annals’ (iii. 247) adding that it was by payment of a large sum of money. During his absence John de Maidenstone had charge of his diocese (ib.) Gravesend returned to England in 1269 (ib. iii. 248), and on 16 June dedicated the high altar at Oseney (Oseney, iv. 227). In November 1274 he confirmed William le Breton as prior of Dunstable (Dunst. p. 264). In 1275, on account of his infirmities, the archbishop appointed him a coadjutor (ib. iii. 268). There are a few references to him in Peckham's ‘Register;’ on 19 July 1279 the archbishop directs him to prosecute forgers of apostolic letters (Reg. i. 26), and on 21 Sept. bids him desist from troubling the people of his diocese by extortions and sequestrations (ib. i. 70). Perhaps the latter may allude to such conduct as his citation of the monks of his diocese to prove their claim to church property in 1259 (Oseney, iv. 133), and his ejecting Dunstable priory from Sidlington Church in 1277 (Ann. Dunst. iii. 276). Two letters addressed by Adam Marsh to Gravesend have been preserved (Monumenta Franciscana, i. 185, 224, Rolls Ser.). Gravesend died 13 Dec. 1279 (Dunst. iii. 282; Wykes, iv. 282), and was buried in Lincoln Cathedral. Matthew Paris says of him ‘vir digne laudabilis nulli videbatur inutilis’ (v. 719).
[Matt. Paris; Annals of Burton, Dunstable, Waverley, and Oseney, and Wykes's Chronicle in Annales Monastici; Rishanger's Chronicle; Gervase of Canterbury; Peckham's Registrum; all these are contained in the Rolls Ser.; Le Neve's Fasti, ii. 11; Godwin, De Præsulibus (where he is wrongly called Benedictus), 292, ed. Richardson.]
GRAVESEND, RICHARD de (d. 1303), bishop of London, was prebendary of Totenhall, and treasurer of St. Paul's for some years before 1278 (Le Neve, Fasti, ii. 353, 439). He was also archdeacon of Northampton from 1272 to 1280, and in 1275 was prebendary of Sutton in Lincoln Cathedral (ib. ii. 56, 216). He was elected bishop of London in 1280 (Ann. Waverley, ii. 393), and the royal assent was granted on 9 May; he was consecrated by Archbishop Peckham at Coventry on 11 Aug. in that year, and was enthroned on 1 Oct. (Wykes, iv. 284). There are twenty-three letters to Gravesend printed in Peckham's ‘Register’ (Rolls Ser.), chiefly relating to matters of administration. Among them may be mentioned two in February and March 1282, directing him to excommunicate Thomas de Cantelupe [q. v.], the bishop of Hereford (Peckham, Reg. i. 279, 315). Others relate to a grant of a subsidy to the king in 1283 (ib. ii. 486, 508, 536), and to the destruction of all Jewish synagogues in London but one (ib. i. 212, ii. 407, 410). There are also two from Gravesend to Peckham: the first, dated 14 Feb. 1282 (ib. i. 297), has reference to the negotiations for the release of Amaury de Montfort; Gravesend reports that he had had a conversation with the king, who absolutely refused; the second, dated 5 Feb. 1284, complains that Peckham had taken the case of the rector of Waterfield out of his court; the archbishop replied on 10 Feb. defending his conduct, and a few days later remonstrated with him for infringing the liberties of Canterbury (ib. ii. 669, 672, 678). Two other letters from Gravesend are given by Bartholomew Cotton (Hist. Angl. pp. 205–293, Rolls Ser.) In 1289 Peckham assigned the dean and treasurer of St. Paul's to be coadjutors to Gravesend. In 1293 Gravesend was sent on an embassy to France, with reference to the attacks made on some French ships by the sailors of the Cinque ports, but failed to appease Philip IV (Walsingham, Hist. Angl. i. 43, Rolls Ser.). In 1297 he was one of the councillors of Prince Edward during the king's absence in France (Trivet, Ann. p. 365, Engl. Hist. Soc.) He instituted the office of subdean of St. Paul's in 1290, and directed that the chancellor should read a divinity lecture in the church. He died at Fulham 9 Dec. 1303 (Ann. Lond. i. 89, in Chronicles of Edward I and II, Rolls Ser.), and in accordance with his will dated 12 Sept. 1302, was buried in St. Paul's near the tomb of Henry de Sandwich, bishop of London, whom he describes as ‘promotor meus.’ Gravesend seems to have been a munificent man; besides founding a chantry
