brought in a bill 'for the better local management of the metropolis' (Parl. Debates, 3rd ser. cxxxvii. 699-722), by which the metropolitan board of works was first established (18 & 19 Vict. cap. 120). During his tenure of the office of chief commissioner considerable improvements were made in the London parks. On the overthrow of Lord Palmerston's administration, in February 1858, Hall was succeeded by the present Duke of Rutland, then Lord John Manners. Upon Lord Palmerston's accession to power for the second time Hall was created Baron Llanover of Llanover and Abercarn in the county of Monmouth, on 29 June 1859 (Journals of the House of Lords, xci. 304). He took his seat in the upper house on 4 July following, but never took much part in the debates, and spoke there for the last time in July 1863 (Parl. Debates, 3rd ser. clxxii. 10411042). On 20 Nov. 1861 he was sworn in as lord-lieutenant of Monmouthshire. He died, after a long illness, at Great Stanhope Street, Mayfair, on 27 April 1867, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. Monuments have been erected to his memory in Llandaff Cathedral and in Llanover churchyard, where he was buried. Hall married, on 4 Dec. 1 823, Augusta, daughter and coheiress of Benjamin Waddington of Llanover, by whom he had two sons, both of whom predeceased him, and an only daughter, Augusta Charlotte Elizabeth, who on 12 Nov. 1846 married John Arthur Edward Herbert of Llanarth Court, Monmouthshire. In default of male issue his titles became extinct upon his death. His widow, who in 1861 edited the 'Autobiography and Correspondence of Mary Granville, Mrs. Delany,' &c. (London, 8 vo, 3 vols.), still survives him. A portrait of Hall by Hurlstone is in the possession of Lady Llanover.
[Alumni Westmonasterienses, 1851, p. 44-1; Men of the Time, 1865, pp. 528-9; Illustrated London News, 4 May 1867; Burke's Extinct Peerage, 1883, p. 257; Gent. Mag. 1867, pt.i.814; Foster's Alumni Oxon. ii. 586; Official Return of Lists of Members of Parliament, pt. ii. 331, 343, 354, 368, 384, 403, 418, 434, 450; London Gazettes; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
HALL, CHAMBERS (1786–1855), collector of drawings, bronzes, and other works of art, was born in 1786. He lived at Elmfield Lodge, Southampton, and died on 29 Aug. 1855 in Bury Street, St. James's, London. In 1855, a few months before his death, he presented to the British Museum (Brit. Mus. Guide to Exhibition Galleries) sixty-six drawings by Thomas Girtin [q. v.], and various antiquities including bronzes. To the university of Oxford he gave at the same time the rest of his collections, including drawings by Raphael, a portrait of Mrs. Bradyll by Sir J. Reynolds, a portrait of Thornhill and sketches by Hogarth, a painting from Herculaneum, bronzes, &c. He also left to the university a portrait of himself by Linnell, which is said to lack Hall's usual benevolence of expression.
[Gent. Mag. 1855 pt.ii. 548-9, 1856 pt. i. 162 (from the Athenaeum); Michaelis's Ancient Marbles in Great Britain, pp. 175, 571.]
HALL, CHARLES (1720?–1783), line engraver, born about 1720, was brought up as a writing engraver, but by his own exertions he made so much progress in art that, although he never rose above mediocrity, he became a fair engraver of portraits, medals, coins, and other antiquities. His best works are his portraits, many of which are faithful copies of earlier engravings. They include portraits of Thomas Howard, second duke of Norfolk, and Henry Fitz Alan, earl of Arundel, after Holbein: Mary I; Thomas Goodrich, bishop of Ely; Sir George Barnes, lord mayor of London; William Harvey, Clarenceux king-at-arms; Jack Adams, the astrologer; Thomas Pellet, M.D., and William Bullock, the comedian, said to be after Hogarth; Catharine, duchess of Buckingham, and Mary Sidney, countess of Pembroke, from the plates by Magdalena and Simon Van de Passe; Sir Thomas More, and William Alexander, earl of Stirling, from the plates by Marshall; and Sir Francis Wortley, bart., from that by Hertocks. Hall died at his lodgings in Grafton Street, Soho, London, on 5 Feb. 1783.
[Strutt's Biog. Dict. of Engravers, 1785-6, ii. 5; Bryan's Dict. of Painters and Engravers, ed. Graves, 1886-9, i. 619; Nichols's Literary Illustrations, v. 436.]
HALL, CHARLES, M.D. (1745?–1826?), writer on economics, seems to be identical with the 'Carolus Hall, Anglus,' who became a student of Leyden, 30 May 1765 (Peacock, Leyden Students, Index Soc., p. 45). He afterwards took the degree of M.D., and published at Shrewsbury in 1785 'The Medical Family Instructor, with an Appendix on Canine Madness.' In 1805 appeared his 'Effects of Civilisation on the People in European States' (London, 8vo). In this remarkable work Hall anticipates later socialist theories; analyses the defects of the existing conditions of society; and claims to prove that the working classes in his day 'retained only one-eighth part of the produce of their own labour.' At the date of publication Hall was suffering extreme poverty owing to defeat in a law suit, and he soon afterwards removed to the Fleet prison. His friends offered to pay for his re-
