died of cholera at St. Cloud on 28 Aug. 1849 (ib. 1849, pt. ii. 420). He found his best friends among his fellow-students. Upon the death of Sir Charles Wilkins in May 1836 he wrote a memoir in the ‘Asiatic Journal.’ He was intimately acquainted with Dr. F. A. Rosen, and liberally helped to raise an appropriate monument to his memory.
[Annual Report of Royal Asiatic Society for May 1850, in vol. xiii. of Journal, pp. ii–v; Wilson's Dublin Directory, 1790, p. 121; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886, ii. 626.]
HAUGHTON, JAMES (1795–1873), philanthropist, son of Samuel Pearson Haughton (1748–1828), by Mary, daughter of James Pim of Rushin, Queen's County, Ireland, was born in Carlow 5 May 1795, and educated at Ballitor, co. Kildare, from 1807 to 1810, under James White, a quaker. After filling several situations to learn his business he, in 1817, settled in Dublin, where he became a corn and flour factor, in partnership with his brother William. He retired in 1850. Although educated as a Friend, he joined the unitarians in 1834, and remained throughout his life a strong believer in their tenets. He supported the anti-slavery movement at an early period and took an active part in it until 1838, going in that year to London as a delegate to a convention. Shortly after Father Mathew took the pledge, 10 April 1838, Haughton became one of his most devoted disciples. For many years he gave most of his time and energies to promoting total abstinence and to advocating legislative restrictions on the sale of intoxicating drinks. In December 1844 he was the chief promoter of a fund which was raised to pay some of the debts of Father Mathew and release him from prison. About 1835 he commenced a series of letters in the public press which made his name widely known. He wrote on temperance, slavery, British India, peace, capital punishment, sanitary reform, and education. His first letters were signed ‘The Son of a Water Drinker,’ but he soon commenced using his own name and continued to write till 1872. He took a leading part in a series of weekly meetings which were held in Dublin in 1840, when so numerous were the social questions discussed that a newspaper editor called the speakers the anti-everythingarians. In association with Daniel O'Connell, of whose character he had a very high opinion, he advocated various plans for the amelioration of the condition of Ireland and the repeal of the union, but was always opposed to physical force. He became a vegetarian in 1846, both on moral and sanitary grounds. For two or three years before his death he was president of the Vegetarian Society of the United Kingdom. He was one of the first members of the Statistical Society of Dublin, 1847, a founder of the Dublin Mechanics' Institute, 1849, in the same year was on the committee of the Dublin Peace Society, aided in abolishing Donnybrook fair 1855, and took a chief part in 1861 in opening the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin on Sundays. He died at 35 Eccles Street, Dublin, on 20 Feb. 1873, and was buried in Mount Jerome cemetery 24 Feb. in the presence of an immense crowd of people. He was the author of ‘Slavery Immoral,’ 1847, ‘A Memoir of Thomas Clarkson,’ 1847, and ‘A Plea for Teetotalism and the Maine Liquor Law,’ 1855.
[Memoir of J. Haughton, by his son Samuel Haughton, 1877, with portrait; Freeman's Journal, 21 Feb. 1873, p. 3, and 25 Feb. p. 7; Webb's Irish Biog. 1878, p. 246; American Annual Cyclop. for 1873, xiii. 593–4, 1874.]
HAUGHTON, JOHN COLPOYS (1817–1887), lieutenant-general, late Bengal staff corps, son of Richard H. and Susanna Haughton, belonged to a family of that name (spelt more correctly Hoghton), settled in Lancashire ever since the Norman conquest, of which a branch went to Ireland. His father and his father's elder brother, Sir Graves Champney Haughton, K.H., F.R.S. [q. v.], were well-known orientalists. His grandfather, Dr. Haughton, was a Dublin physician. John Colpoys Haughton, was born in Dublin on 25 Nov. 1817. He was educated at Shrewsbury, and on 30 March 1830 was entered on the books of H.M.S. Magnificent, receiving ship at Jamaica, as a first-class volunteer. His relative, Admiral Edward Griffiths Colpoys, was then commanding on the West India, North American, and Newfoundland station. On 11 May 1832 he was appointed midshipman to the Fly, 18 guns, commander McQuhae, and on 8 Dec. 1834 to the Belvidera, 42 guns, Captain Stone, both on the above station, and on 12 Jan. 1835 was invalided from the royal navy. On 15 Feb. 1837 he obtained a Bengal cadetship, and on 9 Dec. 1837 was appointed ensign in the late 31st Bengal native infantry. He served in the Afghan war of 1839–42, during which he was appointed adjutant of the 4th light or Ghoorka regiment, in the service of the Shah Sooja, commanded by Captain Christopher Codrington, 49th Bengal native infantry. In April and May 1841 the 4th Ghoorkas was sent to occupy Char-ee-kar, a town of about three thousand inhabitants, about forty miles north of Cabul. Major Eldred Pottinger, who had shortly before
