1830, and in January 1831 the religious dress was given to the six sisters who had been conducting the establishment in their absence. In this way the important and flourishing order of Sisters of Mercy was founded, with the approbation of Archbishop Murray. The institute was extended to England in 1839, to Newfoundland in 1842, to the United States in 1843, to Australia in 1845, to Scotland and to New Zealand in 1849, and to South America in 1856. The foundress took the title of her order from that of St. Peter Nolasco; its rule, with some slight modifications, from that of the Presentation nuns. Besides the three essential vows, the sisters take a fourth—to devote themselves for life to the service of the poor, sick, and ignorant. In 1887 the order had 115 establishments in Ireland and sixty in Great Britain. Its foundress died in Dublin on 11 Nov. 1841, and was buried in the cemetery adjoining the Baggot Street convent. Her portrait was engraved by A. G. Campbell.
[Life, by a Member of the Order of Mercy, New York, 1866; The First Sister of Mercy, Lond. 1866; Dean Gaffney in Dubl. Rev. March 1847, pp. 1–25; Catholic Opinion, 8 June 1867, p. 181; Addis and Arnold's Catholic Dictionary, p. 766; Religious Houses of the United Kingdom. 1887, p. 179.]
M'AVOY, MARGARET (1800–1820), blind lady, was born at Liverpool of respectable parentage 28 June 1800. Of sickly constitution, she became totally blind in June 1816. Her case attracted considerable attention from the readiness with which she was alleged to distinguish by touch colours of cloth, silk, and stained glass; accurately to describe, too, the height, dress, bearing, and other characteristics of her visitors; and even to decipher letters in a printed book or manuscript with her fingers' ends, so as to be able to read with tolerable facility. But these pretensions proved impostures (cf. Roscoe, Life of W. Roscoe, ii. 169–73). Her needlework was remarkable for its extreme neatness. Within a few days of her death she wrote a letter to her executor. She died at Liverpool on 18 Aug. 1820.
[Smeeton's Biographia Curiosa (with portrait); European Mag. 1820, pt. ii. 183; The Quiz, Liverpool, Jan. 1818; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
MACBAIN, Sir JAMES (1828–1892), Australian statesman, born in April 1828 at Kinrives, Ross-shire, was youngest son of Smith MacBain. While he was still an infant his family moved to Scotsburn, and thence to Invergordon. His education was much interrupted by delicate health, arising from a fall from a horse. In 1845 he was apprenticed for five years to Andrew Smith, warehouseman, of Inverness, and became his bookkeeper and cashier. He afterwards was employed as traveller for the firm of Milligan & Co., of Bradford. In 1853 he migrated to Melbourne. For four years he held a clerkship in the Bank of New South Wales. In 1857 he paid a visit to Great Britain, and on his return to Melbourne in 1858 became managing partner for a branch of the firm of Gibbs, Ronald, & Co., mercantile and squatting agents. In 1863 he became partner in the London house, as well as the colonial branches, and when, two years later, the business was bought by the Australian Mortgage Land and Finance Company, he became chairman of the Australian directorate. This position he held for over twenty-five years. He was also director of two leading banks and three insurance offices, and engaged extensively and successfully in speculation in agricultural land.
In 1864 MacBain was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Victoria as representative of the Wimmera district, a scattered constituency, which he represented for sixteen years. In the house MacBain distinguished himself equally by his fairness in debate and his steady adherence to constitutional principles (cf. Victorian Parliamentary Debates, 1875, p. 1244, and November 1884). He took a prominent part in the abolition of state-aid to religion, and opposed both the present Education Act and the Land-tax Act as injudicious and imperfect. He leaned to free-trade principles.
In 1880 MacBain was elected to represent the central (on redistribution of districts, the South Yarra) province in the legislative council. When in August 1881 Sir Bryan O'Loghlen formed a government, MacBain entered the ministry without portfolio, and remained in the cabinet till its resignation in March 1883. He had declined previous offers on account of his private engagements. On 27 Nov. 1884, in succession to Sir W. Fancourt Mitchell, he was elected by acclamation to be president of the legistive council.
MacBain visited England in 1874–5, and again in 1883, when he acted as chairman of the Victorian commissioners at the Amsterdam Exhibition. In 1888 he was president of the executive commission of the Melbourne Centennial Exhibition. He was created a knight bachelor on the queen's birthday, 1886, and a K.C.M.G. in 1889.
MacBain was a leading member of the presbyterian congregation, and took an active interest in church affairs. He was a trustee of the Scotch College, the Working Men's
