gelistis in Mortem, Resurrectionem, et Ascensionem Dei,’ Geneva, 1599; Edinburgh, 1599. 9. ‘Commentarius in selectos aliquot Psalmos,’ Geneva, 1598, 1599; translated as ‘An Exposition of some select Psalms of David,’ Edinburgh, 1600. 10. ‘Analysis Logica in Epistolam ad Galatas,’ Edinburgh, 1602; Geneva, 1603. 11. ‘Tractatus brevis de Providentia Dei, et Tractatus de Excommunicatione,’ Geneva, 1602; London, 1604. 12. ‘Commentarius in Epistolam ad Colossenses,’ Edinburgh, 1600; Geneva, 1602. 13. ‘Commentarius in Epistolam ad Hebræos,’ Edinburgh, 1605. 14. ‘Commentarius in Epistolas ad Corinthios,’ Herborn, in Hesse-Nassau, 1600. 15. ‘A Treatise of God's Effectual Calling,’ translated by H. Holland, London, 1603. 16. ‘Lectures upon the History of the Passion,’ Edinburgh, 1616. 17. ‘Episcopal Government instituted by Christ, and confirmed by Scripture and Reason,’ London, 1641. ‘The Select Works of Rollock,’ edited by William Gunn, D.D., with the Latin life by Charteris, and notes to it, was printed by the Wodrow Soc in two volumes, Edinburgh, 1844 and 1849).
[De Vita et Morte Roberti Rollok, auctoribus Georgio Robertson et Henrico Charteris (Bannatyne Club), 1826; Life by Charteris, with notes, prefixed to Gunn's edition of Rollock's Works (Wodrow Soc.); Histories by Spotiswood and Calderwood; Grant's Hist. of the University of Edinburgh.]
ROLPH, JOHN (1793–1870), Canadian insurgent and politician, eldest son of Dr. Thomas Rolph, medical practitioner, by his wife Frances (Petty), was born at Thornbury, Gloucestershire, on 4 March 1793, and was originally brought up for the medical profession, studying at both Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, and being admitted to membership of the Royal Colleges both of Physicians and Surgeons. But soon abandoning medicine in favour of the law, he was called to the bar of the Inner Temple. Thereupon he migrated to Canada in 1820, and was called to the bar in 1821, practising first at Dundas. Entering political life as a member of assembly for Middlesex, Upper Canada, in 1825, he became known as a member of the reform party, and in 1828 was chairman of the committee of the house which reported the charges against the family compact party and Sir John Beverley Robinson [q. v.]
Under the Baldwin ministry, on 20 Feb. 1836, Rolph became a member of the executive council, but resigning on 4 March as a protest against the methods of government, led the attack upon Sir Francis Bond Head [q. v.] In 1837 he joined William Lyon Mackenzie [q. v.] in his secret scheme for a rebellion against the existing government; his timidity is alleged to have precipitated the rising on 4 Dec. 1837, and to have largely contributed to its failure. It is said that he was not in favour of a direct appeal to arms, but desired a strong popular demonstration to overawe the imperial government. He was still unsuspected by the government when the critical moment came, and was sent by the authorities to the rebels with a flag of truce: he urged Mackenzie to trust to a night attack, and promised aid from within Toronto. On the failure of the attack, Rolph joined the rebels openly, and subsequently, when the rising was crushed, fled with Mackenzie to the United States. He took a prominent part in organising the executive committee at Buffalo and in planning an invasion of Canada. When the movement collapsed he fled to Russia.
Before leaving Canada Rolph had resumed the practice of medicine. On the first declaration of amnesty he returned in 1843 to Canada, and settled down to practice, founding a school of medicine at Toronto at which he lectured regularly, and which was incorporated in 1853 as ‘The Toronto School of Medicine.’ In 1845 he was induced to enter the assembly of the now united Canadas as member for Norfolk, and, joining the radical or ‘Clear-grit’ party, took office with the Hincks-Morin ministry as commissioner of crown lands in 1851. His political views at the time were attacked by the opposition as socialistic. He was described as one of the ‘chiefs of that Clear-grit school which has broken up the liberalism of Upper Canada’ (Hincks, Reminiscences). On 8 Sept. 1854 the ministry resigned, and in 1857 he retired from political life, and devoted himself to the work of social reform. Till 1868 he lectured at the Toronto School of Medicine. He died on 19 Oct. 1870 at Michell, near Toronto. Rolph was a man of powerful character, which was marred, it is said, by a love of finesse. He was an eloquent speaker, and in private life was credited with much culture. Rolph was married and left descendants in Canada.
[Appleton' Cyclopaedia of American Biogr.;Withrow's Hist. of Canada; Toronto Globe, 21 Oct. 1870; Lindsey's Life and Times of W. L. Mackenzie.]
ROLT, Sir JOHN (1804–1871), judge, second son of James Rolt, merchant, of Calcutta, by Anne Braine, daughter of Richard Hiorns, yeoman, of Fairford, Gloucestershire, and widow of Samuel Brunsdon, of the baptist mission at Serampore, was born at Calcutta on 5 Oct. 1804. Brought to England by his mother about
