of ordnance, so arranged that the recoil of one gun lowered it under cover while it brought the other up ready to fire; he improved small arms and ammunition, and invented some fuses.
Shrapnel married, on 5 May 1810, at St. Mary's Church, Lambeth, Esther Squires (b. 1780, d. 1852) of that parish. They had two sons and two daughters. The eldest son, Henry Needham Scrope (b. 26 July 1812, d. 1 June 1896), educated at Cambridge University, was a captain in the 3rd dragoon guards, and was afterwards barrack-master in Ireland, Bermuda, Halifax, and Montreal. After his retirement from the service about 1866, he pressed his father's claims for reward on the government and on both houses of parliament, but without success, and he then went to Canada and settled at Orillia in Ontario. He married, on 19 Aug. 1835, at St. Mary's Church, Dover, Louisa Sarah Jonsiffe (b. 1818, d. 1880), by whom he had fifteen children; six are now living in British North America; the eldest, Edward Scrope Shrapnel, is an artist in Toronto.
A portrait of Shrapnel, painted in oils by F. Arrowsmith in 1817, hangs in the reading-room of the Royal Artillery Institution at Woolwich.
[War Office Records; Royal Artillery Records; Gent. Mag. 1842; Patent Office Records; Proceedings Royal Artillery Institution, vol. v., article on Shrapnel of the Past; Petition of Henry Needham Scrope Shrapnel to the House of Lords, 1868, 8vo, and to the House of Commons 1869; private sources; Letters of Colonel Sir Augustus Simon Fraser, written during the Peninsular and Waterloo Campaigns, 8vo, 1859; Wellington Despatches; Kane's List of Officers of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, 1869, 4to; Duncan's Hist. of the Royal Artillery; Royal Military Calendar, 1820, vol. iii.]
SHREWSBURY, Duke of. [See Talbot, Charles, 1660–1718.]
SHREWSBURY, Earls of. [See Roger de Montgomery, d. 1093?; Hugh of Montgomery, d. 1098; Bellême, Robert of, fl. 1098; Talbot, John, first Earl, 1390–1453; Talbot, John, second Earl, 1413–1460; Talbot, George, fourth Earl, 1469?–1541; Talbot, Francis, fifth Earl, 1500–1560; Talbot, George, sixth Earl, 1527?–1590; Talbot, Gilbert, seventh Earl, 1552–1616.]
SHREWSBURY, Countess of. [See Talbot, Elizabeth, 1516?–1608.]
SHREWSBURY, RALPH of (d. 1363), bishop of Bath and Wells. [See Ralph.]
SHREWSBURY, ROBERT of (d. 1167), hagiologist. [See Robert.]
SHRUBSOLE, WILLIAM (1729–1797), author of ‘Christian Memoirs,’ was born at Sandwich, Kent, on 7 April 1729. In February 1743 he was apprenticed to George Cook, a shipwright at Sheerness, whose daughter he married in 1757. He led an irregular life for some time, but, being aroused by a work of Isaac Ambrose, he grew religious, and in 1752 was asked to conduct the devotions of a small body which met at Sheerness on Sunday afternoons. In 1763 this body erected a meeting-house, and Shrubsole frequently acted as their minister. About 1767 he undertook regular public preaching in Sheerness and other towns in Kent. In 1773 he was appointed master-mastmaker at Woolwich (Rowland Hill spoke of him familiarly as ‘the mastmaker’), but later in the year received promotion at Sheerness. In 1784, his ministrations proving very successful, a new chapel was built for him at Sheerness, which was enlarged in 1787. In 1793 he had a paralytic stroke, and a co-pastor was appointed. Though his ministry was gratuitous, he declined further promotion in the dockyard, on the ground that it might interfere with his preaching engagements. He died at Sheerness on 7 Feb. 1797.
Shrubsole is remembered as the author of ‘Christian Memoirs’ (Rochester, 1776), a curious allegorical work in the style of Bunyan. The book was written, as Shrubsole explains, to divert his mind after being bitten by a mad dog in 1773. A second edition (1790) contained an elegy written in 1771 on the death of Whitefield; and a third edition (1807) was edited by his son, with a ‘life’ of the author. Shrubsole's other works include: ‘The Plain Christian Shepherd's Defence of his Flock, being 5 Letters in support of Infant Baptism,’ 1794; a pamphlet entitled ‘A Plea in favour of the Shipwrights belonging to the Royal Dockyard,’ 1770; and several pamphlets and letters on the religious controversies of the day.
His eldest son, William Shrubsole (1759–1829), born at Sheerness on 21 Nov. 1759, became a shipwright in Sheerness dockyard, and subsequently clerk to one of the officers. In 1785 he went to London as a clerk in the Bank of England, where he ultimately became ‘secretary to the committee of treasury.’ He died at Highbury on 23 Aug. 1829, and was buried in Bunhill Fields. Shrubsole took a special interest in religious and philanthropic societies, and was one of the first secretaries of the London Missionary Society. He had some poetical gifts, and contributed hymns to various religious publications from 1775 to 1813. His best known hymn, ‘Arm
