by Babeau in ‘La France et Paris sous le Directoire’ (pp. 261–99).
[Gent. Mag. 1793 ii. 861, 1803 i. 479; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. iii. 759, vii. 541; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. viii. 640, ix. 157; Surtees's Durham, ii. 290; Biogr. Univ. new edit.; Didot's Nouvelle Biogr. Univ.; Burke's Peerage; European Mag. 1785, ii. 243; Hodgson's Northumberland, i. pt. ii. 233.]
SWINDEN, HENRY (1716–1772), antiquary, born in 1716, was a schoolmaster and afterwards a land-surveyor at Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, where he became an intimate friend of John Ives [q. v.] His antiquarian tastes led him to spend twenty years in collecting material for a history of Yarmouth, in which he was assisted both with money and material by his friend. It was a laborious compilation replete with documents, but is not exhaustive and has no literary value. He died while the last sheet was in the press, on 11 Jan. 1772, and the work was brought out by Ives for the benefit of Swinden's widow. Ives also erected a mural tablet in St. Nicholas Church, Yarmouth, to Swinden's memory. Besides the ‘History and Antiquities of the Ancient Burgh of Great Yarmouth,’ Norwich, 1772, 4to, Swinden published in 1763 a broadsheet showing all the officers of Yarmouth at the time, and giving other topographical information. This is extremely scarce, a copy of the original edition being the property of the town council. It was reprinted in 1863. A map or plan of the town by him was also published in 1779.
[Blomefield's Norfolk, xi. 392; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. v. 63, 175; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. iii. 198, ix. 428; Reuss's Reg. of Living Authors; Addit. MS. 23013, a volume of Swinden's manuscript collections, formerly the property of Dawson Turner, esq.; Brit. Mus. Cat., books and maps; Dawson Turner's Sepulchral Reminiscences, 1848, p. 81 n.; Nall's Great Yarmouth, 1866, p. 9.]
SWINDEN, TOBIAS (d. 1719), divine, was probably the son of Tobias Swinden, appointed a canon of York in 1660 (Le Neve, Fasti, iii. 226). He was admitted to Jesus College, Cambridge, as a pensioner, on 3 Dec. 1674, graduating B.A. in 1678 and M.A. in 1682. He was appointed rector of Cuxton in Kent on 5 July 1688, and on 13 April 1689 became vicar of Shorne in the same county. He died in 1719. Of his three sons, Tobias (d. 1754), of Queens' College, Cambridge, was vicar of Lamberhurst and rector of Kingsdown in Kent; and Samuel Francis (d. 1764) of University College, Oxford, was rector of Stifford in Essex, and master of the academy of Greenwich, where James Wolfe (afterwards general) [q. v.] and John Jervis (afterwards Earl St. Vincent) [q. v.] were his pupils.
Swinden was the author of ‘An Enquiry into the Nature and Place of Hell,’ London, 1714, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1727, which was translated into French in 1728 by Jean Bion, minister of the English church at Amsterdam; other editions of the translation appeared in 1733 and 1757.
[Thorpe's Registrum Roffense, p. 770; Gent. Mag. 1789 ii. 620; Palin's Stifford, 1871, p. 179; Graduati Cantabr. 1659–1787, p. 377; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714 iv. 1448, 1715–1886 iv. 1378; Atterbury's Epistolary Corresp. ii. 472; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 80; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. v. 198; Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 5820 f. 163.]
SWINERCOTE, LAWRENCE (fl. 1254), canonist. [See Somercote.]
SWINESHEAD, RICHARD (fl. 1350), mathematician, apparently a native of Glastonbury, was educated at Merton College, Oxford, the home of many famous mathematicians in the fourteenth century. He was a fellow of Merton College, and took a leading part in the riots about the election of a chancellor in 1348 (Wood, Hist. and Antiq. i. 448). Eventually he left Oxford, and became a Cistercian monk at Swineshead in Lincolnshire. Leland gives his christian name as Roger, but this seems to be a mistake. In some verses against monks he is referred to as
Subtilis Swynshed proles Glastoniæ,
Revera monachus bonæ memoriæ,
Cujus non periit fama industriæ.
The following works are attributed to Swineshead, but only four (Nos. 1, 4, 8, and 12) are known to be extant: 1. ‘Questiones super Sententias,’ inc. ‘Utrum aliquis in casu ex præcepto,’ Oriel College MS. xv. f. 235. 2. ‘In Ethica Aristotelis.’ 3. ‘De Cœlo et Mundo.’ 4. ‘Descriptiones Motuum, or De Motu Cœli et Similibus,’ Caius College MS. (Bernard, Cat. MSS. Anglia, ii. No. 994, 2). 5. ‘Super arte Cabalistica.’ 6. ‘De Intentione et Remissione.’ 7. ‘De Divisionibus.’ 8. ‘De Insolubilibus,’ inc. ‘Circa finem seu Terminum ultimum,’ Bodleian MS. 2593; this is said to have been printed. 9. ‘Sophismata Logicalia.’ 10. ‘Ephemerides.’ 11. ‘Mathematicæ Contentiones.’ 12. ‘Calculationes Astronomicæ’; this was several times printed, viz. ‘Subtilissimi Doctoris Anglici Suiset Calculationum liber,’ Padua [1485?], folio; ‘Suiseth Anglici Opus Aureum Calculationum ex recognitione J. Tollentini,’ Pavia, 1498; ‘Calculator subtilis-
