to the king, and that his son James, who had been governor of Lynn in August 1659, had undertaken to secure it for Charles II (Old Parl. Hist. xii. 347, 352; cf. Clarendon State Papers, iii. 473). According to family tradition the king demanded 90,000l. from Whitelocke for his pardon, and Whitelocke actually paid 50,000l. This, however, is contradicted by the dedication of Whitelocke's book. ‘When it was in the power of your majesty and the purpose of men,’ writes the author, ‘to have taken my small fortune, liberty, and life from me, you were pleased most graciously to bestow them on me, and to restore me to a wife and sixteen children’ (Whitelocke, Memoirs of Whitelocke, pp. 451–3). No doubt, however, he paid something to the king, and in his ‘Annals’ he also mentions having paid 500l. to the Earl of Berkshire as compensation for the imprisonment of Lady Mary Howard in 1659, and 250l. to Sir Robert Howard for the benefit of the lord chancellor in order to get his pardon passed under the great seal. During the rest of his life Whitelocke lived in retirement at Chilton Park, near Hungerford in Wiltshire, which had been purchased with his third wife's fortune. He died on 28 July 1675, and was buried at Fawley, Buckinghamshire, or, according to other accounts, at Chilton (Wood, Athenæ, iii. 1041; Whitelocke, Memoirs of Whitelocke, pp. 446, 464).
Whitelocke married three times: first, in June 1630, Rebecca, daughter of Thomas Bennet, alderman of London (Memoirs of Bulstrode Whitelocke, p. 65); she became insane and died on 9 May 1634 (ib. p. 107). Their eldest son, James, born on 13 July 1631, served in Cromwell's guard in Ireland, was chosen colonel of an Oxfordshire militia regiment in 1651, was knighted by the Protector on 6 Jan. 1657, represented Aylesbury in the parliament of 1659, and died in 1701 (ib. p. 69; Memorials, iii. 75, 135, 311, 342, 413, iv. 338; Le Neve, Knights, p. 422). Whitelocke married, secondly, on 9 Nov. 1635, Frances, sister of Francis, lord Willoughby of Parham [q. v.], by whom he had nine children (Memoirs, p. 123). His eldest son by his second marriage, William Whitelocke, entertained William III on his journey to London, and was knighted by him on 10 April 1689 (Le Neve, p. 421). She died in 1649, and Whitelocke married, thirdly, about 1651, Mary, daughter of one Carleton, and widow of Rowland Wilson [q. v.] (Memoirs, p. 282), by whom he had four sons and several daughters (Le Neve, p. 422). An account of the distribution of his property among these different sons is given in R. H. Whitelocke's ‘Life of Whitelocke’ (Memoirs, pp. 457–64).
An anonymous portrait of Whitelocke was lent by Mr. George Whitelocke Lloyd to the first loan exhibition at South Kensington in 1866 (Cat. No. 626); it was purchased by the trustees of the National Portrait Gallery, London, in 1867. There are engraved portraits by Stent and Faithorne.
Whitelocke was a very voluminous writer. His best known work,
- ‘Memorials of the English Affairs from the beginning of the Reign of Charles I to the happy Restoration of King Charles II,’ was first published in 1682. A second edition, with additions, was published in 1732. The first edition was edited by Arthur Annesley, earl of Anglesea, who was the author of the preface. A reprint of the second edition in four volumes was published at Oxford by the Clarendon Press in 1853. The value of Whitelocke's work was greatly overestimated by whig writers of the next generation, who opposed it to Clarendon's ‘History of the Rebellion’ as being more truthful and impartial. With this object Oldmixon published his ‘Clarendon and Whitelocke compared,’ 1727, 8vo. In reality Whitelocke's ‘Memorials’ is a compilation put together after the Restoration, consisting partly of extracts from newspapers, partly of extracts from Whitelocke's autobiographical writings, and swarms with inaccuracies and anachronisms (cf. Sanford, Studies and Illustrations of the Great Rebellion, p. 324).
- Whitelocke's Annals of his Life. Only portions of this work have been published. Manuscripts of it are in the possession of the Marquis of Bute and Earl De la Warr (Hist. MSS. Comm. 3rd Rep. pp. 202–17). The British Museum possesses Whitelocke's history of the forty-eighth year of his age, interspersed with Scripture lectures addressed to his children (Bibl. Egerton 997, Plut.), and annals of his life from 1653 to 1656 (No. 4992). These are described in the preface to Reeve's edition of Whitelocke's ‘Swedish Embassy.’ Extracts from the annals and other autobiographical writings are printed in R. H. Whitelocke's ‘Life of Whitelocke,’ 1860 (pp. 114, 124).
- ‘Journal of the Swedish Embassy in the Years 1653 and 1654.’ This was first published by Dr. Charles Morton in 1772 and re-edited by Mr. Henry Reeve in 1855. It was translated into Swedish in 1777 (Upsala, 8vo). Manuscripts of this journal and other papers relating to the embassy are in the British Museum (Nos. 4902 and 4991 A. Plut. cxxiii. H). Other manuscripts are in the possession of the Marquis of Bath and the Earl De la Warr (Hist. MSS. Comm.
