were always models of logical arrangement and perspicuous style. Only three of them were ever reviewed by the House of Lords, and in each case the decision was affirmed. The paucity of appeals, however, is no doubt in part attributable to the fact that throughout his tenure of the great seal Hardwicke himself was actually the sole law lord. His principal reporters are: Barnardiston, Comyns, Ridgeway, Annaly, Strange, West, Atkyns, Ambler, Vesey Senior, and Kenyon (see also ‘Collectanea Juridica,’ 1791, vol. i. No. xvii).
In the ecclesiastical patronage which, jointly with Newcastle, he dispensed, Hardwicke showed excellent judgment [cf. Birch, Thomas, D.D.; Bradley, James; Butler, Joseph; Pearce, Zachary; Secker, Thomas; Sherlock, Thomas; Tucker, Josiah]. He is said to have been avaricious, and it is certain that he appreciated wealth at its full value; but, though he amassed an immense fortune, no suspicion of corruption ever sullied his fair fame. Both in public and private life he maintained an imperturbable urbanity of manner; and, if hardly a genial companion, he was a firm friend and a good husband and father.
Hardwicke was author of ‘A Discourse of the Judicial Authority belonging to the Office of Master of the Rolls in the High Court of Chancery,’ London, 1727, 8vo; 2nd edit. enlarged, 1728 [cf. Warburton, William]. Several of his speeches are extant in pamphlet form: two on giving judgment against the Jacobite lords (London, 1746–7, fol. and 8vo), and two others—one on presenting the heritable jurisdictions bill, 17 Feb. 1746–7; the other on the third reading of the militia bill, 24 May 1756 (London, 1770, 8vo). A letter from him to Lord Royston, dated 4 Sept. 1763, giving an account of the recent negotiation between Pitt and Bute, was published in ‘Original Papers,’ London, 1785, and afterwards incorporated in the ‘Parliamentary History’ (xv. 1327).
A vast mass of his correspondence and other documents relating to him is preserved in the British Museum: in Egerton MSS. 1721 f. 85, 2184 f. 3; Stowe MSS. 142 f. 107, 254 f. 1, 750 f. 80; Additional MSS. 9828 f. 30, 11394, 12428, 15956 ff. 9–40 28051 f. 350, 29598 f. 19, 32687–779, 32842–954, 32992 f. 238, 33066 f. 205, 34524–5, and the Hardwicke Papers acquired in 1899. For other Hardwicke Papers see Woodhouselee's ‘Life of Lord Kames,’ i. 294, 314–329, and Hist. MSS. Comm. 2nd Rep. App. pp. 38–91, 3rd Rep. App. pp. 222, 404, 415, 4th Rep. App. pp. 281, 524, 6th Rep. App. p. 239, 8th Rep. App. i. 221–4, iii. 12, 9th Rep. App. iii. 35, 10th Rep. App. pp. 276, 284, 322, 449, 11th Rep. App. vii. 50–52.
[Visitation of Wiltshire, 1623, ed. Marshall, 1882; Phillipps's Visitation of Wiltshire, 1677 (1854); Genealogist, ed. Selby, new ser. iv. 69–71; Aubrey's Collections for Wiltshire, ii. 91; Hoare's Modern Wiltshire (Ambresbury), p. 35; Miscell. Geneal. et Herald. ed. Howard, 2nd ser. iii. 308–9; List of Sheriffs for England and Wales, compiled from documents in the Public Record Office, 1898; Berry's County Genealogies (Kent); Hasted's Kent (fol.), iii. 359, iv. 2, 38, 99; Lincoln's Inn Records; Official Return of Members of Parliament; Parl. Hist. vols. viii–xv.; Hist. Reg. Chron. Diary, 1727 p. 56, 1729 p. 214; Strange's Rep. p. 839; Fitzgibbon's Rep. p. 64; Walpole's Letters, ed. Cunningham; Walpole's Memoirs (George II, ed. Holland; George III, ed. Le Marchant and Russell Barker); Walpole's Cat. of Royal and Noble Authors, ed. Park; Glover's Memoirs; Waldegrave's Memoirs; Coxe's Walpole, i. 399 et seq.; Coxe's Pelham Administration; Marchmont Papers, ed. Rose, i. 29, 273–4; Chatham's Corresp. ed. Taylor and Pringle; Corresp. of John, fourth Duke of Bedford, ed. Lord John Russell; Grenville Papers, ed. Smith; Lords' Journals, xxiv. 321, 562, 564, 566, 684, 686, xxv. 4, 16, 19, lxxvii. 873; Chesterfield's Letters, ed. Mahon; Cooksey's Essays on Somers and Hardwicke; Ann. Reg. 1764, i. 122, ii. 279; Biographia Britannica; Nicholls's Recollections and Reflections; Phillimore's Life of Lyttelton; Butler's Reminiscences, 4th edit. i. 132; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. and Illustr.; Collins's Peerage, ed. Brydges, iv. 486; G. E. C[okayne]'s Complete Peerage; Burke's Peerage; Lawyers and Magistrates' Magazine, ii. 34; Law Magazine, iii. 72; Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors; Harris's Life of Lord-Chancellor Hardwicke; Foss's Lives of the Judges; Mahon's Hist. of England; Lecky's Hist. of England in the Eighteenth Century.]
YORKE, PHILIP, second Earl of Hardwicke (1720–1790), eldest son of Lord-chancellor Hardwicke [see Yorke, Philip, first Earl of Hardwicke], was born on 19 March 1719–20. He was educated at Newcome's school, Hackney, afterwards under private tutors, of whom Samuel Salter [q. v.] was one, and at the university of Cambridge, where he matriculated from Corpus Christi College in 1737, and received the degree of LL.D. in 1749. In 1741 he was elected F.R.S. and in 1744 F.S.A. He contributed some English verses to the ‘Pietas Academiæ Cantabrigiensis in funere serenissimæ Principis Willelminæ Carolinæ’ (Cambridge, 1738, fol.), and with his brother Charles [q. v.] wrote the greater portion of the ‘Athenian Letters; or the Epistolary Correspondence of an Agent
