with the Fitz-John Porter Case (Cincinnati, 1882); and the valuable Military Reminiscences of the Civil War (2 vols., New York, 1900) published posthumously.
See J. R. Ewing, Public Services of Jacob Dolson Cox (Washington, 1902), a Johns Hopkins University dissertation; and W. C. Cochran, “Early Life and Military Services of General Jacob Dolson Cox,” in Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. 58 (Oberlin, Ohio, 1901).
COX, KENYON (1856– ), American painter, was born at Warren, Ohio, on the 27th of October 1856, being the son of
Gen. Jacob Dolson Cox. He was a pupil of Carolus-Duran and
of J. L. Gérôme in Paris from 1877 to 1882, when he opened a
studio in New York, subsequently teaching with much success
in the Art Students’ League. His earlier work was mainly of
the nude drawn with great academic correctness in somewhat
conventional colour. Receiving little encouragement for such
pictures, he turned to mural decorative work, in which he achieved
prominence. Among his better-known examples are the frieze
for the court room of the Appellate Court, New York, and decorations
for the Walker Art Gallery, Bowdoin College; for the
Capitol at Saint Paul, Minnesota, and for other public and private
buildings. He wrote with much authority on art topics, and is
the author of the critical reviews, Old Masters and New (1905)
and Painters and Sculptors (1907), besides some poems. He
became a National Academician in 1903. His wife, née Louise
H. King (b. 1865), whom he married in 1892, also became a
figure and portrait-painter of note.
COX, RICHARD (1500?–1581), dean of Westminster and bishop of Ely, was born of obscure parentage at Whaddon,
Buckinghamshire, in 1499 or 1500. He was educated at the
Benedictine priory of St Leonard Snelshall near Whaddon, at
Eton, and at King’s College, Cambridge, where he graduated
B.A. in 1524. At Wolsey’s invitation he became a member of
the cardinal’s new foundation at Oxford, was incorporated B.A.
in 1525, and created M.A. in 1526. In 1530 he was engaged in
persuading the more unruly members of the university to approve
of the king’s divorce. A premature expression of Lutheran
views is said to have caused his departure from Oxford and even
his imprisonment, but the records are silent on these sufferings
which do not harmonize with his appointment as master of the
royal foundation at Eton. In 1533 he appears as author of an
ode on the coronation of Anne Boleyn, in 1535 he graduated B.D.
at Cambridge, proceeding D.D. in 1537, and in the same year
subscribing the Institution of a Christian Man. In 1540 he was
one of the fifteen divines to whom were referred crucial questions
on the sacraments and the seat of authority in the Church; his
answers (printed in Pocock’s Burnet, iii. 443-496) indicate a
mind tending away from Catholicism, but susceptible to “the
king’s doctrine”; and, indeed, Cox was one of the divines by
whom Henry said the “King’s Book” had been drawn up when
he wished to impress upon the Regent Arran that it was not
exclusively his own doing. Moreover, he was present at the
examination of Barnes, subscribed the divorce of Anne of Cleves,
and in that year of reaction became archdeacon and prebendary
of Ely and canon of Westminster. He was employed on other
royal business in 1541, was nominated to the projected bishopric
of Southwell, and was made king’s chaplain in 1542. In 1543
he was employed to ferret out the “Prebendaries’ Plot” against
Cranmer, and became the archbishop’s chancellor. In December
he was appointed dean of Oseney (afterwards Christ Church)
Oxford, and in July was made almoner to Prince Edward, in
whose education he took an active part. He was present at
Dr Crome’s recantation in 1546, denounced it as insincere and
insufficient, and severely handled him before the privy council.
After Edward’s accession, Cox’s opinions took a more Protestant turn, and he became one of the most active agents of the Reformation. He was consulted on the compilation of the Communion office in 1548, and the first and second books of Common Prayer, and sat on the commission for the reform of the canon law. As chancellor of the university of Oxford (1547–1552) he promoted foreign divines such as Peter Martyr, and was a moving spirit of the two commissions which sought with some success to eradicate everything savouring of popery from the books, MSS., ornaments and endowments of the university, and earned Cox the sobriquet of its cancellor rather than its chancellor. He received other rewards, a canonry of Windsor (1548), the rectory of Harrow (1547) and the deanery of Westminster (1549). He lost these preferments on Mary’s accession, and was for a fortnight in August 1553 confined to the Marshalsea. He was not of the stuff of which martyrs are made; he remained in obscurity until after the failure of Wyatt’s rebellion, and then in May 1554 escaped in the same ship as the future archbishop Sandys, to Antwerp. Thence in March 1555 he made his way to Frankfort, where he played an important part in the first struggle between Anglicanism and Puritanism. The exiles had, under the influence of Knox and Whittingham, adopted Calvinistic doctrine and a form of service far more Puritanical than the Prayer-Book of 1552. Cox stood up for that service, and the exiles were divided into Knoxians and Coxians. Knox attacked Cox as a pluralist, Cox accused Knox of treason to the emperor Charles V. This proved the more dangerous charge: Knox and his followers were expelled, and the Prayer-Book of 1552 was restored.
In 1559 Cox returned to England, and was elected bishop of Norwich, but the queen changed her mind and Cox’s destination to Ely, where he remained twenty-one years. He was an honest, but narrow-minded ecclesiastic, who held what views he did hold intolerantly, and was always wanting more power to constrain those who differed from him (see his letter in Hatfield MSS. i. 308). While he refused to minister in the queen’s chapel because of the crucifix and lights there, and was a bitter enemy to the Roman Catholics, he had little more patience with the Puritans. He was grasping, or at least tenacious of his rights in money matters, and was often brought into conflict with courtiers who coveted episcopal lands. The queen herself intervened, when he refused to grant Ely House to her favourite, Sir Christopher Hatton; but the well-known letter beginning “Proud Prelate” and threatening to unfrock him seems to be an impudent forgery which first saw the light in the Annual Register for 1761. It hardly, however, misrepresents the queen’s meaning, and Cox was forced to give way. These and other trials led him to resign his see in 1580, and it is significant that it remained vacant for nineteen years. Cox died on the 22nd of July 1581: a monument erected to his memory twenty years later in Ely cathedral was defaced, owing, it was said, to his evil repute. Strype (Whitgift, i. 2) gives Cox’s hot temper and marriage as reasons why he was not made archbishop in 1583 in preference to Whitgift, who had been his chaplain; but Cox had been dead two years in 1583. His first wife’s name is unknown; she was the mother of his five children, of whom Joanna married the eldest son of Archbishop Parker. His second wife was the widow of William Turner (d. 1568), the botanist and dean of Wells.
Voluminous details about Cox’s life are given in Strype’s Works, Parker Soc. Publ., and Cooper’s Athenae Cantab. i. 437-445. See also Letters and Papers of Henry VIII.; Acts of the Privy Council; Cal. Dom. State Papers; Cal. Hatfield MSS.; Lit. Rem. of Edward VI.; Whittingham’s Troubles at Frankfort; Machyn’s Diary; Pocock’s Burnet; Bentham’s Ely; Willis’s Cathedrals; Le Neve’s Fasti; R. W. Dixon’s Church History.
(A. F. P.)
COX, SAMUEL (1826–1893), English nonconformist divine, was born in London on the 19th of April 1826. For some years
he worked as an apprentice in the London docks, and then entered the Baptist College at Stepney. In 1851 he became
pastor of a Baptist church at Southsea, removing in 1855 to Ryde, and in 1863 to Nottingham. He was president of the Baptist Association in 1873 and received the degree of D.D. from St Andrews in 1882. Cox had distinct gifts as a biblical expositor and was the founder and first editor of a monthly journal The Expositor (1875–1884). Among the best known of his numerous theological publications are Salvator Mundi (1877), A Commentary on the Book of Job (1880), The Larger Hope (1883).
COX, SAMUEL HANSON (1793–1880), American Presbyterian divine, was born at Rahway, N.J., on the 25th of August 1793, of Quaker stock. He was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Mendham, N.J., in 1817–1821, and of two churches in New York from 1821 to 1834. He helped to found the University of the City of New York, and from 1834 to 1837 was professor of pastoral
