British Isles. England: Burne, Shropshire Folklore; Denham
Tracts (F.L.S.); Harland and Wilkinson, Lancashire Folklore;
Henderson, Folklore of Northern Counties; County Folklore Series
(Printed Extracts) of the F.L.S. Wales: Elias Owen, Welsh
Folklore; Rhys, Celtic Folklore. Scotland: Dalyell, Darker
Superstitions; Gregor, Folklore of N.E. of Scotland; the works of
J. G. Campbell, &c.
Germany: Grimm, Deutsche Mythologie, English translation by Stallybrass; Wuttke, Der deutsche Volksaberglaube; Meyer, Deutsche Volkskunde; Tetzner, Die Slaven in Deutschland; Mogk in Paul’s Grundriss der germanischen Philologie, and the works cited by Kaindl (see above).
France: Sebillot’s works; Rolland, Faune populaire; Laisnel de la Salle, Croyances et légendes.
On the Slavs see the works of Krauss and v. Wlislochi; for Bohemia, Grohmann, Aberglaube; for Greece, Abbott, Macedonian Folklore, and Rennell Rodd, Folklore of Greece; for Italy, Pitré’s bibliography; for India, Crooke’s works, and the Indian Antiquary. For questionnaires see Handbook of Folklore (Folklore Soc.); Sebillot, Essai de questionnaires; Journal of American Folklore (1890, &c.); and Kaindl’s Volkskunde. For a bibliography of folk-tales see Hartland, Mythology and Folk-tales; to his list may be added Petitot’s Légendes indiennes; Rand, Legends of the Micmacs; Lummis, The Man who Married the Moon; and the publications of the American Folklore Society. For other works see bibliographies in Folklore and other periodicals. On special points may be mentioned Miss Cox’s Cinderella (Folklore Society); Kohler’s works, &c. (see also bibliography to the article Tale). For games see Gomme, English Games; Culin, Korean Games; Rochholz, Alemannisches Kinderlied; Böhme, Deutsches Kinderlied; Handelmann, Volks- und Kinderspiele; Jayne, String Figures, &c.; and the bibliography to Doll. See also Sonnenschein’s Best Books.
The following is a list of the more important Societies and publications:—
England: Folklore Society; Folksong Society; Gipsy-lore Society.
U.S.A.: American Folklore Society.
France: Société des traditions populaires.
Germany: Verein für Volkskunde; Hessische Vereinigung für Volkskunde; and minor societies in Saxony, Silesia and other provinces.
Austria: Verein für österreichische Volkskunde.
Switzerland: Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Volkskunde.
Italy: Società per lo studio delle tradizioni popolari.
In addition to these, the anthropological societies devote more or less attention to folklore. Besides the publications of the societies mentioned above, minor societies or individuals are responsible for the following among others: Belgium, Wallonia; Poland, Wisla; France, Melusine (1878, 1883–1901); Bohemia, Cesky Lid; Denmark, Dania, &c.; Germany, Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie (1859–1890); Am Urquell (1890–1898). (N. W. T.)
FOLLEN, AUGUST (or, as he afterwards called himself,
Adolf) LUDWIG (1794–1855), German poet, was born at Giessen
on the 21st of January 1794, the son of a district judge. He
studied theology at Giessen and law at Heidelberg, and after
leaving the university edited the Elberfeld Allgemeine Zeitung.
Suspected of being connected with some radical plots, he was
imprisoned for two years in Berlin. When released in 1821 he
went to Switzerland, where he taught in the canton school at
Aarau, farmed from 1847–1854 the estate of Liebenfels in
Thurgau, and then retired to Bern, where he lived till his death
on the 26th of December 1855. Besides a number of minor
poems he wrote Harfengrüsse aus Deutschland und der Schweiz
(1823) and Malegys und Vivian (1829), a knightly romance after
the fashion of the romantic school. Of his many translations,
mention may be made of the Homeric Hymns in collaboration
with R. Schwenck (1814), Tasso’s Jerusalem Delivered (1818)
and Siegfrieds Tod from the Nibelungenlied (1842); he also
collected and translated Latin hymns and sacred poetry (1819).
In 1846 he published a brief collection of sonnets entitled An
die gottlosen Nichtswüteriche. This was aimed at the liberal
philosopher Arnold Ruge, and was the occasion of a literary duel
between the two authors. Follen’s posthumous poem Tristans
Eltern (1857) may also be mentioned, but his best-known work
is a collection of German poetry entitled Bildersaal deutscher
Dichtung (1827).
FOLLEN, KARL (1795–1840), German poet and patriot, brother
of A. L. Follen, was born at Romrod in Hesse-Darmstadt, on the
5th of September 1795. He first studied theology at Giessen,
but after the campaign of 1814, in which, like his brother
August, he took part as a Hessian volunteer, began the study of
jurisprudence, and in 1818 established himself as Privatdocent
of civil law at Giessen. Owing to being suspected of political
intrigues, he removed to Jena, and thence, after the assassination
of Kotzebue, fled to France. Here again the political murder
of the duc de Berry, on the 14th of January 1820, led to Follen
being regarded as a suspect, and he accordingly took refuge in
Switzerland, where he taught for a while at the cantonal school
at Coire and at the university of Basel; but the Prussian
authorities imperatively demanding his surrender, he sought in
1824 the hospitality of the United States of America. Here he
became an instructor in German at Harvard in 1825, and in 1830
obtained an appointment as professor of German language
and literature there; but his anti-slavery agitation having
given umbrage to the authorities, he forfeited his post in 1835,
and was ordained Unitarian minister of a chapel at Lexington in
Massachusetts in 1836. He perished at sea on board a steamboat
which was totally consumed by fire while on a voyage from
New York to Boston, on the night of the 13th–14th of January
1840. Follen was the author of several celebrated patriotic
songs written in the interests of liberty. The best is perhaps
Horch auf, ihr Fürsten! Du Volk, horch auf! of which Johannes
Wit, called von Dörring (1800–1863), was long, though erroneously,
considered the author. It was published in A. L. Follen’s
collection of patriotic songs, Freie Stimmen frischer Jugend.
His wife Elisa Lee (1787–1860), an American authoress of some reputation, published after his death his lectures and sermons, with a biography written by herself (5 vols., Boston, 1846).
FOLLETT, SIR WILLIAM WEBB (1798–1845), English lawyer, was born at Topsham in Devonshire on the 2nd of December 1798. He was the son of Captain Benjamin Follett, who had retired from the army in 1790, and engaged in business at Topsham. He received his education at Exeter grammar school and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating in 1818. He had entered the Inner Temple in 1816 and began to practise as a pleader below the bar in 1821, but was called to the bar in 1824, and joined the western circuit in 1825. At the very outset his great qualifications were universally recognized. He was thoroughly master of his profession, and his rapid rise in it was due not only to his quick perception and sound judgment, but to his singular courtesy, kindness and sweetness of temper. In 1830 he married the eldest daughter of Sir Ambrose Harding Gifford, chief justice of Ceylon. In 1835 he was returned to parliament for Exeter. In parliament he early distinguished himself, and under the first administration of Sir Robert Peel was appointed solicitor-general (November 1834); but resigned with the ministry in April 1835. In the course of this year he was knighted. On the return of Peel to power in 1841 Sir William was again appointed solicitor-general, and in April 1844 he succeeded Sir Frederick Pollock as attorney-general. But his health, which had begun to fail him in 1838, and had been permanently injured by a severe illness in 1841, now broke down, and he was compelled to relinquish practice and to visit the south of Europe. He returned to England in March 1845; but the disease, consumption, reasserted itself, and he died in London on the 28th of June following. A statue of Follett, executed by Behnes, was erected by subscription in Westminster Abbey.
FONBLANQUE, ALBANY WILLIAM (1793–1872), English
journalist, descended from a noble French Huguenot family,
the Greniers of Languedoc, was born in London in 1793. John
Grenier, a banker, became naturalized in England under the
name of Fonblanque; and his son John Samuel Martin Fonblanque
(1760–1838), a distinguished equity lawyer, and the
author of a standard legal work, a Treatise on Equity, was the
father of Albany Fonblanque; he represented the borough of
Camelford in parliament; and was one of the Whig friends of
George IV. when prince of Wales. At fourteen young Fonblanque
was sent to Woolwich to prepare for the Royal Engineers. His
health, however, failed, and for two years his studies had to be
suspended. Upon his recovery he studied for some time with a
view to being called to the bar. At the age of nineteen (1812)
he commenced writing for the newspapers, and very soon attracted
notice both by the boldness and liberality of his opinions, and by
