Reasonableness of Christianity have also gone through many editions,
and been translated into different languages.
The first collected edition of Locke’s Works was in 1714, in three folio volumes. The best is that by Bishop Law, in four quartos (1777). The one most commonly known is in ten volumes (1812).
The Éloge of Jean le Clerc (Bibliothèque choisie, 1705) has been the basis of the memoirs of Locke prefixed to the successive editions of his Works, or contained in biographical dictionaries. In 1829 a Life of Locke (2nd ed. in two volumes, with considerable additions, 1830), was produced by Peter, 7th Baron King, a descendant of Locke’s cousin, Anne Locke. This adds a good deal to what was previously known, as Lord King was able to draw from the mass of correspondence, journals and commonplace books of Locke in his possession. In the same year Dr Thomas Foster published some interesting letters from Locke to Benjamin Furly. The most copious account of the life is contained in the two volumes by H. R. Fox-Bourne (1876), the results of laborious research among the Shaftesbury Papers, Locke MSS. in the British Museum, the Public Record Office, the Lambeth, Christ Church and Bodleian libraries, and in the Remonstrants’ library at Amsterdam. Monographs on Locke by T. H. Fowler in 1880, in “English Men of Letters,” and by Fraser, in 1890, in Blackwood’s “Philosophical Classics” may be mentioned; also addresses by Sir F. Pollock and Fraser at the bicentenary commemoration by the British Academy of Locke’s death, published in the Proceedings of the Academy (1904). See also C. Bastide, John Locke; ses théories politiques et leur influence en Angleterre (Paris, 1907); H. Ollion, La Philosophie générale de J. L. (1909). (A. C. F.)
LOCKE, MATTHEW (c. 1630–1677), English musician, perhaps
the earliest English writer for the stage, was born at Exeter,
where he became a chorister in the cathedral. His music,
written with Christopher Gibbons (son of Orlando Gibbons),
for Shirley’s masque Cupid and Death, was performed in London
in 1653. He wrote some music for Davenant’s Siege of Rhodes
in 1656; and in 1661 was appointed composer in ordinary to
Charles II. During the following years he wrote a number of
anthems for the Chapel Royal, and excited some criticism on
the score of novelty, to which he replied with considerable
heat (Modern Church Music; pre-accused, censured and
obstructed in its Performance before His Majesty, April 1st, 1666,
&c.; copies in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, and the
Royal College of Music). A good deal of music for the theatre
followed, the most important being for Davenant’s productions
of The Tempest (1667) and of Macbeth (1672), but some doubt
as to this latter has arisen, Purcell, Eccles or Leveridge, being
also credited with it. He also composed various songs and
instrumental pieces, and published some curious works on musical
theory. He died in August 1677, an elegy being written by Purcell.
LOCKERBIE, a municipal and police burgh of Dumfriesshire,
Scotland, in the district of Annandale, 1412 m. E.N.E. of Dumfries
by the Caledonian railway. Pop. (1901) 2358. It has long been
famous for its cattle and sheep sales, but more particularly
for the great August lamb fair, the largest in Scotland, at which
as many as 126,000 lambs have been sold. The town hall and
Easton institute are in the Scottish Baronial style. The police
station is partly accommodated in an ancient square tower,
once the stronghold of the Johnstones, for a long period the
ruling family under whose protection the town gradually grew
up. At Dryfe Sands, about 2 m. to the W., a bloody encounter
took place in 1593 between the Johnstones and Maxwells.
The Maxwells were pursued into Lockerbie and almost exterminated;
hence “Lockerbie Lick” became a proverbial
expression, signifying an overwhelming defeat.
LOCKER-LAMPSON, FREDERICK (1821–1895), English man
of letters, was born, on the 29th of May 1821, at Greenwich
Hospital. His father, who was Civil Commissioner of the
Hospital, was Edward Hawke Locker, youngest son of that
Captain William Locker who gave Nelson the memorable
advice “to lay a Frenchman close, and beat him.” His mother,
Eleanor Mary Elizabeth Boucher, was a daughter of the Rev.
Jonathan Boucher, vicar of Epsom and friend of George Washington.
After a desultory education, Frederick Locker began life
in a colonial broker’s office. Soon deserting this uncongenial
calling, he obtained a clerkship in Somerset House, whence he
was transferred to Lord Haddington’s private office at the
Admiralty. Here he became deputy-reader and précis writer.
In 1850 he married Lady Charlotte Bruce, daughter of the Lord
Elgin who brought the famous marbles to England, and sister
of Lady Augusta Stanley. After his marriage he left the Civil
Service, in consequence of ill-health. In 1857 he published
London Lyrics, a slender volume of 90 pages, which, with subsequent
extensions, constitutes his poetical legacy. Lyra
Elegantiarum (1867), an anthology of light and familiar verse,
and Patchwork (1879), a book of extracts, were his only other
publications. In 1872 Lady Charlotte Locker died. Two years
later Locker married Miss Hannah Jane Lampson, the only
daughter of Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson, Bart., of Rowfant,
Sussex, and in 1885 took his wife’s surname. At Rowfant he
died on the 30th of May 1895. Chronic ill-health debarred
Locker from any active part in life, but it did not prevent his
delighting a wide circle of friends by his gifts as a host and
raconteur, and from accumulating many treasures as a connoisseur.
His books are catalogued in the volume called the Rowfant
Library (1886), to which an appendix (1900) was added, after
his death, under the superintendence of his eldest son. As a
poet, Locker belongs to the choir who deal with the gay rather
than the grave in verse—with the polished and witty rather
than the lofty or emotional. His good taste kept him as far
from the broadly comic on the one side as his kind heart saved
him from the purely cynical on the other. To something of
Prior, of Praed and of Hood he added qualities of his own which
lent his work distinction—a distinction in no wise diminished
by his unwearied endeavour after directness and simplicity.
A posthumous volume of Memoirs, entitled My Confidences (1896), and edited by his son-in-law, Mr Augustine Birrell, gives an interesting idea of his personality and a too modest estimate of his gifts as a poet. (A. D.)
LOCKHART, GEORGE (1673–1731), of Carnwath, Scottish
writer and politician, was a member of a Lanarkshire family
tracing descent from Sir Simon Locard (the name being originally
territorial, de Loch Ard), who is said to have accompanied Sir
James Douglas on his expedition to the East with the heart
of Bruce, which relic, according to Froissart, Locard brought
home from Spain when Douglas fell in battle against the Moors,
and buried in Melrose Abbey; this incident was the origin of
the “man’s heart within a fetterlock” borne on the Lockhart
shield, which in turn perhaps led to the altered spelling of
the surname. George Lockhart’s grandfather was Sir James
Lockhart of Lee (d. 1674), a lord of the court of session with the
title of Lord Lee, who commanded a regiment at the battle of
Preston. Lord Lee’s eldest son, Sir William Lockhart of Lee
(1621–1675), after fighting on the king’s side in the Civil War,
attached himself to Oliver Cromwell, whose niece he married,
and by whom he was appointed commissioner for the administration
of justice in Scotland in 1652, and English ambassador
at the French court in 1656, where he greatly distinguished
himself by his successful diplomacy. Lord Lee’s second son,
Sir George Lockhart (c. 1630–1689), was lord-advocate in
Cromwell’s time, and was celebrated for his persuasive eloquence;
in 1674, when he was disbarred for alleged disrespect to the court
of session in advising an appeal to parliament, fifty barristers
showed their sympathy for him by withdrawing from practice.
Lockhart was readmitted in 1676, and became the leading
advocate in political trials, in which he usually appeared for the
defence. He was appointed lord-president of the court of session
in 1685; and was shot in the streets of Edinburgh on the 31st
of March 1689 by John Chiesley, against whom the lord-president
had adjudicated a cause. Sir George Lockhart purchased the
extensive estates of the earls of Carnwath in Lanarkshire, which
were inherited by his eldest son, George, whose mother was
Philadelphia, daughter of Lord Wharton.
George Lockhart, who was member for the city of Edinburgh in the Scottish parliament, was appointed a commissioner for arranging the union with England in 1705. After the union he continued to represent Edinburgh, and later the Wigton burghs. His sympathies were with the Jacobites, whom he kept informed of all the negotiations for the union; in 1713 he took part in an abortive movement aiming at the repeal of the union. He was deeply implicated in the rising of 1715, the preparations for which he assisted at Carnwath and at Dryden,
