|
III.—Maghrāwa Dynasty (Berber). (Capital, Fez.)
|
| 988. |
Zīri ibn ‛Atīa.
|
| 1000. |
El Mūāz.
|
| 1026. |
Hammāma.
|
| 1039. |
Dūnas.
|
| 1060. |
El Fatūh and ‛Ajīsa.
|
| 1065. |
El Moānnasir.
|
| 1067. |
Tamīm.
|
|
IV.—Murābti Dynasty (Berber). (Capital, Marrākesh.)
|
| 1061. |
Yūsef I. (Bin Tashfīn.)
|
| 1106. |
‛Ali III.
|
| 1143. |
Tashfīn I.
|
| 1145. |
Ibrāhīm II.
|
| 1146. |
Ishāk.
|
| V.—Muwāhhadi Dynasty (Berber). (Capitals, Marrākesh and Seville.)
|
| 1145. |
‛Abd-el-Mumin.
|
| 1163. |
Yusef II., “Abu Ya‛kub.”
|
| 1184. |
Ya‛kub I., “Abu Yūsef el Mansūr.”
|
| 1199. |
Mahomet III., “En-Nāsir.”
|
| 1214. |
Yusef III., “Abu Yākūb el Mustansir.”
|
| 1223. |
‛Abd-el-Wāhid, “El Makhlūwi.”
|
| 1224. |
‛Abd-Allah II., “Abu Mahomet.”
|
| 1226. |
Yahya V., “El Mu‛tasim.”
|
| 1229. |
Idrīs III., “El Māmun.”
|
| 1232. |
Rashid I., “Abd-el-Wāhīd.”
|
| 1242. |
‛Ali IV., “Es-Said el Mu‛tadīd.” (Mequinez lost to Beni Marīn 1245.)
|
| 1248. |
‛Omar I., “El Mortada.” (Fez lost to Beni Marīn, 1248.)
|
| 1266. |
Idrīs IV., “Abu Dabbūs el Wāthik.” (Marrākesh lost to Beni Marīn, 1269.)
|
| VI.—Beni Marīn Dynasty (Berber). (Capitals, Fez, Mequinez and Marrākesh.)
|
| 1213. |
‛Abd-el-Hakk.
|
| 1217. |
‛Othmān I., “Abu Said I.”
|
| 1239. |
Mahomet IV., “Abu Marrāf.”
|
| 1244. |
Abu Bakr.
|
| 1258. |
Yākūb II., “bin ‛Abd-el-Hakk.”
|
| 1286. |
Yusef IV.
|
| 1307. |
‛Amr, “Abu Thābit.”
|
| 1308. |
Sulaimān I., “Abu Rebī‛a.”
|
| 1310. |
‛Othmān II., “Abu Said II.”
|
| 1320. |
‛Omar II. (at Sajilmāsa).
|
| 1331. |
‛Ali V., “Abu‛l Hasan.”
|
| 1351. |
Fāris I., “Abu‛Aīnān.”
|
| 1358. |
Sa’īd I. (a child).
|
| 1359. |
Ibrāhīm III., “Abu Salem.”
|
| 1361. |
 |
Tashfīn II., “Abu ‛Omar.”
|
| ‛Abd-el-Halīm (in Sajilmāsa).
|
| Mahomet V.
|
| 1366. |
‛Abd-el-‛Azīz I.
|
| 1372. |
Mahomet VI., “Es-Saīd.”
|
| 1374. |
 |
Ahmed I., “Abu’l‛Abbās” (in Fez).
|
| ‛Abd-er-Rahman I. (in Marrākesh).
|
| 1384. |
Mūsa II. and Ahmed II., “Es Mustansir.”
|
| 1386. |
Mahomet VII., “El Wāthik.”
|
| 1387. |
Ahmed I. (2nd reign).
|
| 1393. |
‛Abd-el-‛Azīz II., “Abu Fāris.”
|
| 1396. |
Fāris II., “El Mutawaḳḳil.”
|
| 1408. |
Abu Sa’id III.
|
| 1416. |
Sa’īd II. and Yākūb III.
|
| 1425. |
‛Abd-Allah III. (after whom the record of this dynasty ceases).
|
|
VII.—Wattāsi Dynasty (Berber). (Capital, Fez.)
|
| 1471. |
Sa’īd III., “Es-Sheikh el Wattās.”
|
| 1500. |
Mahomet VIII., "The Portuguese.”
|
| 1530. |
Ahmed III. (in Fez).
|
| 1548. |
Mahomet X. (Defeated by the Sharīfs, 1550.)
|
| VIII.—Sa’adi Dynasty (Arab). (Capitals, Fez, Mequinez and Marrākesh.)
|
| 1524. |
|
Ahmed III. (in Marrākesh).
|
| Mahomet IX. (in Tarudānt).
|
| 1557. |
‛Abd-Allah, “El Ghālib.”
|
| 1574. |
Mahomet XI., “El Mutawaḳḳil.”
|
| 1576. |
‛Abd-el-Mālek I., “El Muatāsim.”
|
| 1578. |
Ahmed IV., “El Mansur” or “Dhahebi.”
|
| 1603. |
Mahomet XII., “Es-Sheikh.”
|
|
‛Abd-el-‛Azīz III., “Abu Fāris.”
|
| 1608. |
Zīdān.
|
| 1628. |
‛Abd-el-Mālek II.
|
| 1631. |
El Walīd.
|
| 1636. |
Mahomet XIII., “Es-Sheikh Es-Saghir.” (Fez lost to the Fīlālīs, 1649.)
|
| 1654. |
Ahmed V., “El Abbās.”
|
| 1658. |
‛Abd-el-Karīm in Marrākesh. (Overthrown by Fīlālīs, 1668.)
|
| IX.—Fīlālī Dynasty (Arab). (Capitals, Fez, Mequinez and Marrākesh.)
|
| 1649. |
Mahomet XIV., “Es-Sharīf.”
|
| 1664. |
Rashīd II.
|
| 1672. |
Ismā‛īl, “The Bloodthirsty.”
|
| 1727. |
Ahmed VI., “Ed-Dhahebi II.”
|
| 1728. |
‛Abd-el-Mālek III., “Abu Merwān.”
|
| 1729. |
‛Abd-Allah V., “El Mortada.”
|
| 1734. |
‛Ali VI.
|
| 1736. |
Mahomet XV., “Uld er-Riba.”
|
| 1738. |
El Mustadi.
|
| 1745. |
Zīn el ‛Abdīn.
|
| 1757. |
Mahomet XVI.
|
| 1790. |
El Yazīd.
|
| 1792. |
El Hishām.
|
| 1795. |
Sulaimān II.
|
| 1822. |
‛Abd-er-Rahman II.
|
| 1859. |
Mahomet XVII.
|
| 1873. |
El Hasan III.
|
| 1894. |
‛Abd-el-‛Azīz IV.
|
| 1908. |
Hafid.
|
Note.—The dates given are those in which the various rulers
acquired sovereign power. Many had already secured the allegiance
of certain provinces some time before, and many retained such
allegiance long after the greater portion of the empire had accepted
a successful rival. European nations in several instances treated
with men who were not at the time actual sovereigns, and in some
cases were never such.
Bibliography.—History: Budgett Meakin, The Moorish Empire,
an historical epitome (London, 1899; which contains critical
notices of all important books on Morocco to date); Ernest Mercier,
Histoire de l’Afrique septentrionale (3 vols., Paris, 1888–1891).
Principal authorities: Native—Ibn‛Abd el Hākim, embracing the
period from A.D. 690 to 750 (trans. Jones; Göttingen, 1858); ‛Abd
el Wāhid el Marrākeshi (1149–1224), trans. E. Fagnan in the Revue
Africaine, pp. 202–207 (1891), Raōd el Kartās (788–1326), trans. Baumier
(Paris, 1860); El Makkāri (710–1500), trans. Gayangos (London,
1840); El Ufrāni (1631–1812), trans. Houdas (Paris, 1889); and En
Nāsiri (710–1894; Cairo, 1895). Foreign—Diego de Torres,
Relacion del Origen y suceso de los xarifes (Seville, 1586); Faria y
Sousa, Africa Portuguesa (Lisbon, 1681); Mouëtte, Histoire des
Conquestes de Mouley Archy, &c. (Paris, 1683); De el Puerto, Mission
historial de marruecos (Seville, 1708); Busnot, Histoire du regne
de Muley Ismail (Rouen, 1714); Louis S. de Chénier, Récherches
historiques sur les Maures (3 vols., Paris, 1787); Mas Latrie, Traités
de paix, &c. (3 vols., Paris, 1866–1872), and Relations et commerce
de l’Afrique septentrionale (Paris, 1886).
Geography.—Budgett Meakin, The Land of the Moors (a general
description, London, 1901); Ch. De Foucauld, Reconnaissance
au Maroc, text and maps (Paris, 1888; by far the most extensive,
detailed and original exploration up to that date undertaken in
Morocco, admirably illustrated); J. D. Hooker and John Ball,
Marocco and the Great Atlas (London, 1878; the trustworthy record
of a serious and well-equipped scientific expedition, valuable chiefly
for its botanical information); Gerhard Rohlfs, Adventures in Morocco
(London, 1874; previous to De Foucauld's achievement, the most
extensive journey recorded in modern times); Walter B. Harris,
Tafilet (London, 1895; recounts a plucky journey across the Atlas);
Joseph Thomson, Travels in the Atlas (London, 1889; the narrative
of a restricted excursion from Marrākesh); H. de la Martinière,
Journeys in the Kingdom of Fez (London, 1889; chief value archaeological);
Rafael Pezzi, Los presidios menores de Africa (Madrid,
1893; an account of the Spanish possessions in Morocco); Captain
Jules Erckmann, Le Maroc moderne (Paris, 1885; includes parts not
open to Europeans, visited by the author as an officer in the Moorish
army); Capt. E. Bonelli, El Imperio de Marruecos (Madrid, 1882;
a somewhat similar work, by a Spanish officer); F. de A. de Urrestazu,
Viages por Marruecos (Madrid, 1877; descriptions by a Spaniard
born in the country and travelling. as a native); G. D. Cowan and
R. L. N. Johnston, Moorish Lotos Leaves (London, 1883; trustworthy
papers dealing with south central Morocco); Emilien
Renou, Description géographique de l’empire du Maroc (Paris, 1846;
a compendium of information available at that date); J. Canal,
Géographie générale du Maroc (Paris, 1902); Mission de Segonzac,
Voyages au Maroc 1899–1901 (Paris, 1903) and later publications of the Segonzac Mission; Ch. Tissot, Récherches sur la géographie
comparée de la Maurétanie Tingitane (Paris, 1877; a valuable archaeological survey); M. Besnier, “Géographie ancienne du Maroc”
and “Recueil des descriptions antiques,” both in No. III. of Archives
marocaines (Paris, 1904); Leo Africanus, Description of Africa, 1526, trans. Pory, 1600; ed. Dr Robert Brown, for Hakluyt Society
(3 vols., London, 1896; a wonderful work for its period, always of
interest, but the source of many oft-repeated errors in books on
Morocco).
Geology.—G. Maw, “Notes on the Geology of the Plain of Morocco and the Great Atlas,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. (1872), vol. xxviii.; J. Thomson, “Report of the Committee appointed to investigate the Geography and Geology of the Atlas Range in the Empire of Morocco,” Rep. Brit. Assoc. 1889, Newcastle Meeting; P. Schnell
