Page:Federalist, Dawson edition, 1863.djvu/108

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cvi
Contents.
  Essay. Page
State tax-law (unless upon imports and exports) an unconstitutional usurpation of power, No. XXXI. 207
k. "concurrent authority concerning taxation the only admissible substitute for an entire subordination of the States," XXXII. 208
a. absurdity of denying the practical impossibility of coördinate authority, 208
b. illustrations of its practicability, from Roman history, 209
c. difficulties which will interfere with its execution less powerful than those which existed in Rome, 209
d. purposes of a Fœderal revenue more extended than those which the State governments must provide for, 210
A. "there ought to be a capacity to provide for future contingencies," 210
B. there must be a capacity to provide for the public defence, 210
C. for the payment of public debts, 212
e. concluding remarks, urging that a delegation of concurrent authority was preferable to an entire subordination of the States to the Fœderal authorities, 214
l. objection, "that the jurisdiction of the National government, in the article of revenue, should be restricted to particular objects," considered, XXXIII. 215
a. it would oppress particular branches of industry, 215
b. taxes would be unequally distributed, 215
c. illustration from the proposed limitation of its jurisdiction to duties on imports, 215
A. objections against a high tariff, 216
a. it encourages smuggling, 216
b. it renders other classes tributary to the manufacturing classes, who will hold a monopoly of the markets, 216
c. it will force industry out of its more natural channels into those which are less beneficial, 216
d. it will oppress the merchant in the payment of duties, 216
B. the limitation proposed would be productive of inequality of taxation among the several States, 216
C. the objection, "that the interest of the revenue itself would be a sufficient guard against an extreme tariff," considered, 217
m. objection, that the House of Representatives cannot contain representatives of all classes of tax-paying citizens, considered, 218
a. such a special representation of each class impracticable, 219
b. merchants the natural representatives of the mechanic and manufacturing classes, 219