This page was corrected according to Additions and Corrections that appear in the 1910 edition.
and develops to קְטָל (cf. § 93, Paradigm IV, c) or קְטוֹל, with â obscured to ô (as above, § 84a k). Cf. שְׁאָר remnant, יְקָר honour, כְּתָב book (Arab. kĭtâb), קְרָב war (the last three probably loan-words from the Aramaic); of the other form, חֲלוֹם a dream, חֲמוֹר an ass (Arab. ḥĭmâr), אֱלוֹהַּ God (Arab. ʾĭlâh); with א prosthetic (§ 19 m), אֶזְרוֹעַ arm (twice: usually זְרוֹעַ); fem. בְּשׂוֹרָה good news (Arab. bĭšârăt); עֲבוֹדָה service, כְּתֹ֫בֶת (Arab. kĭtâbăt) tattooing.
[o] 11. The ground-form qĭṭîl seems to occur e.g. in Hebrew אֱוִיל foolish, אֱלִיל vanity, בְּדִיל lead, כְּסִיל a fool, חֲזִיר a swine (the prop. name חֵזִיר points to the ground-form qĭṭîl, cf. Arab. ḥĭnzîr).
[p] 12. The ground-form qĭṭûl or qŭṭûl, Hebr. קְטוּל, e.g. גְּבוּל a boundary, לְבוּשׁ a garment; fem. גְּבוּרָה strength, אֱמוּנָה faithfulness.
[q] Rem. When the forms qeṭûl and qeṭôl begin with א, they almost invariably take in the singular a Ṣere under the א instead of the ordinary Ḥaṭeph-Seghôl; cf. אֵבוּס a crib, אֵטוּן thread, אֵמוּן faithful, אֵזוֹב hyssop, אֵזוֹר a waist-band, אֵסוּר a bond, אֵפוֹד an ephod; cf. § 23 h, and the analogous cases of Ṣere for Ḥaṭeph-Seghôl in verbal forms § 52 n, § 63 p, § 76 d.
IV. Nouns with a Long Vocal in the First Syllable and originally a Short Vowel in the Second Syllable.
[r] 13. The ground-form qâṭăl, in Hebrew, always changes the â into an obscure ô, קוֹטָל (קֹטָל), e.g. עוֹלָם (§ 93, Paradigm III, a), Arab. ʿâlăm, eternity; חוֹתָם (Arab. ḥâtăm) a seal (according to Barth a loan-word of Egyptian origin), fem. חֹתֶ֫מֶת (from ḥôtămt); תּוֹלָע worm (unless from a stem ולע, like תּוֹשָׁב from ושב; see the analogous cases in § 85 b). On the participles Qal of verbs ל״ה (§ 93, Paradigm III, c), cf. § 75 e; on the feminines of the participles Qal, which are formed with the termination ת, see below, s.
Rem. Of a different kind (probably from a ground-form qauṭal) are such forms as אוֹפָן (or אוֹפָן Ez 109 in the same verse) a wheel; גּוֹזָל a young bird, דּוֹנַג wax, &c.
[s] 14. The ground-form qâṭĭl also becomes in Hebrew almost invariably קוֹטֵל (קֹטֵל). Besides participles active masc. Qal this class includes also feminines of the form קֹטֶ֫לֶת, if their ground-form qôṭalt (§ 69 c) goes back to an original qâṭilt. The substantives of this form, such as כֹּהֵן priest (Arab. kâhĭn), were also originally participles Qal. The fem. of the substantives has ē (lengthened from ĭ) retained before the tone, e.g. יֹֽלֵדה a woman in travail (cf. also בֹּֽגֵדָה the treacherous woman, Jer 38; הַצֹּֽלֵעָה her that halteth, Mi 46 f., Zp 319; סֹֽחֵרָה a buckler, ψ 914); the participles as a rule have the form יֹֽלְדָה, &c., the original ĭ having become Šewâ; however, the form with Ṣere occurs also in the latter, Is 296.8, 349, ψ 6826, 11816 (all in principal pause; in subordinate pause 2 S 1320, Is 3314; with a conjunctive accent, Ct 16). שֹׁמֵמָה 2 S 1320.
[t] 15. The ground-form qûṭăl, Hebrew קוּטַל (as יוּבַל river, Jer 178) or קוּטָל e.g. עוּגָב a pipe, commonly עֻגָב, and to be so read, with Baer, also in ψ 1504, not עֻגָּב.
V. Nouns with a Long Vowel in each Syllable
[u] 16. קִיטוֹל, e.g. קִיטוֹר smoke. The few forms of this kind are probably derived from the ground-form qîṭâl (qĭṭṭâl ?), i.e. the original â has become an obscure ô.
