&c.;[1] so also to cast oneself down, אַפַּ֫יִם אָֽרְצָה the face being turned to the earth, Gn 191, &c. (for אָֽרְצָה we find אֶ֫רֶץ in 1 K 131, Is 4923).[2]—Cf. finally the formula אֵם עַל־בָּנִים mother with children, Gn 3212; cf. Ho 1014 and § 119 aa note 2.
Rem. On circumlocutions of this kind to express negative attributes by means of short noun-clauses (complete or incomplete), cf. § 152 u.
[d] 3. As circumstantial verbal-clauses,[3] we find (1) sometimes affirmative clauses (see below), but far more frequently (2) negative clauses (see f), and among these (3) a certain number of expressions which may be regarded simply as equivalent to negative adverbial ideas (see g).
Examples of (1) Is 511 b woe unto them, that tarry late in the evening, יַ֫יִן יַדְלִיקֵם while wine inflames them; Is 15, 1024, 3031, Jer 726, 2015, ψ 43, 512, 2113, 625. The circumstantial verbal-clause is used to particularize an action which has before been expressed generally, in Gn 4412, 4814=crossing his hands; Dt 227, Ju 619; antithetically, 1 K 1318 כִּחֵשׁ לוֹ wherewith however he lied unto him. The verbal-clause seems to assign a reason in ψ 77 מִשְׁפָּט צִוִּ֫יתָ since thou hast commanded judgement; a consequence in ψ 1035.[4]
[e] Rem. On the cases in which an imperfect in the sense of a final clause is subordinated to a verb of motion (generally קוּם), see § 120 c.
[f] Of (2), subordinate verbal-clauses with לֹא (in English usually rendered by without and the gerund, if the subject be the same as in the principal clause), e.g. Lv 117 לֹא יַבְדִּיל without dividing it asunder; Jb 3134; לֹא with the perfect is so used in Gn 444, Ex 3428, 1 S 302, Jb 2026 (without its being blown upon it). With a different subject, equivalent to a consecutive clause in English, Is 279 לֹֽא־יָקֻ֫מוּ so that they shall rise up no more.—Moreover, verbal-clauses in the same sense (without doing, &c.) are frequently connected by וְלֹא; cf. 1 S 202, Jb 2422, 423; in a concessive sense, Is 331, ψ 4418.
[g] Of (3), cf. לֹא יֵדַע (prop. he knows it not) unawares, ψ 358, Pr 56 לֹא יַחְמֹל unsparingly, Is 3014 (after an infinitive absolute); Hb 117, Jb 610 (but וְלֹא יַחְמֹל Jb 1613, 2722; see f at the end); לֹא כִחֵ֑דוּ (prop. they hide not) openly, Is 39 (but
- ↑ The expression הִתְרָאָה פָנִים to look one another in the face (i.e. to contend in combat) 2 K 148, 11, 2 Ch 2517, 21, is probably only a shortened form for הִתְרָאָה פָנִים אֶל־פָּנִים.
- ↑ That (אֶ֫רֶץ) אָֽרְצָה is really to be regarded as a virtual predicate to אַפַּ֫יִם, and not אַפַּ֫יִם as a casus instrumenti, is seen from Is 4923, where אַפַּ֫יִם אֶ֫רֶץ precedes the verb.
- ↑ Some examples of these have been already discussed in another connexion above, § 120 a–c.
- ↑ In Gn 2114 the circumstantial verbal-clause שָׂם עַל־שִׁכְמָהּ is only due to a harmonizing transposition; read וְאֶת־הַיֶּ֫לֶד שׂ׳ ע׳ שׁ׳. According to the source used in cap. 21 Ishmael was still a young child; according to 17:25 he was about 16 or 17 years old.
