NO. 4
��THE HOKAN AND COAHUILTECAN LANGUAGES
��289
��in. diminutive 7. -lla 1 ; 10. -lo, -la-n, suffix -lo-n, -li-n 2 (G)
112. adjective suf- 3. -k>; 4. -A', -ki 4 ; 5.
fix -A > ; 10. -A 6 (G)
113. locative case 5 . -ka-te at, to, by, near ? ;
��suffix 8. -ak in, at 8 ; 10. -ok '
(G) 114.. instrumental 8. -m-uk with, -&
case suffix account f; 10. -o/fe I0 (G)
��on
��SUPPLEMENTARY CHUM ASH-CO A HUILTEC AN VOCABULARY
��115. (S. Bar.) akcewe, (S. Tonk. acwi belly
Yn.) fl&cw belly
1 1 6. (S. Bar.) jront mo- Tonk.: xai mother
ther
117. (S. Bar.) pafa-wac Tonk. ewac fa-
old man, eneXe- ther; Atak. wa-
wac old woman ci old, ancient
Some of these comparisons are doubtful at best and a number of them will, on maturer know- ledge, have to be discarded. A certain amount of groping in the dark cannot well be avoided in the pioneer stage of such an attempt as this . Careful scrutiny of the comparative vocabulary brings out a very considerable number of cognate series that it would be difficult to explain away on the score of accident (e. g. n os 14, 20, 22, 28, 40, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 60, 61, 64, 72, 93, 98, 103). A large number of the cognates are widespread Hokan stems (e. g. n os 41, 54, 55, 68, 78). Such a double correspondence as S. W. Porno maka-la THUNDER : Comecrudo
1. E. g. itri-Ua KK (d. itri MAN), tumlile-Ila SWALLOW, Icisuinii-lla ORPHAN, -lla is quite likely assimilated from -r-Ja (-/ as in 89 a), e. g. puntsu-lla (read puntsa.-') GIRL < "puntsa-r-la (puntsa-r WOMAN).
2. These elements are not specifically termed diminu- tive by Gatschet, but some of his examples suggest that they are. E. g. enopxa-lo MOSQUITO, apinki-llin GREEN FLY, RED FLY, ewa-lan FISH, naxtcon-se-loii MATCH (lite- rally perhaps LITTLE FIRE-MAKER, cf. itaxtcon FIRE). - probably as in 106.
5- E. n. Mar. mil-k, Moh. Incdi-ayel-k, Kutchan nyul-k, Kiliwi ;nv-<,' HLACK (contrast Kutchan nyil, H'taa'm nvi/);Mar. ahot-k, Moh. axot-k, Kutchan ahot-k GOOD ; Mar. pin-k, Moh. hai-pin-k, Kutchan epil-k WARM, HOT (contrast Kutchan kii-pil, Kiliwi pal).
4. E. g. oxus-k, ttkus-ki SMALL, putu-ki LARGE, sale-ki GOOD, ala-ki BLACK.
��Tonk. yila to sit
��(cf. eneq woman), (S. Buen.) paku- was old man r 1 8. (S. Yn.)*/hi, (S. Bar.) leken, (S. Buen.) hiliko to sit
��(pa)mak THUNDHR, E. Pomo -matoto (with final reduplication) THUNDER : Comecrudo (pa)mct6t (with final reduplication) LIGHTNING does not smack of accident.
An important feature of both Hokan and Coahuiltecan languages is the alternation of stems with initial vowels with forms of the stem without the vowel ", e. g. Chontala/w, Seria.v, Mohave aba, S. Pomo oka, Esselen asa-, Karok as-, Achomawi ac, Shasta atsa, Tonkawa ax, Atakapa ak, Comecrudo ax, Cotoname ax WA- TER : N. E. Pomo xa-, Yana ha-, Tonkawa
5. E. g. E. Pomo kirik~ili-k WHITE, kedtiki'Ja-k RED, torotoro-k STRIPED.
6. E. g. maki-k YELLOW, masLi-k, maslo-k WHITE, gala-k MORE, -k occurs also as noun suffix, e. g. kalo-k " mus- tache " (cf kala MOUTH), oyu-k POCKET. Such substanti- vized adjectives as maki-k GOLD (from YELLOW) and mas- lo-k CATTLE (from WHITE) suggest that nouns in -k may be primarily adjectives.
7 Cf. probably also -k in -ima-k IN COMPANY WITH (with Pomo -mm- cf. Esselen -tna-nu TOGETHER WITH, Yana verbal suffix -ma- TOGETHER WITH).
8. Locative -ka-, -k probably also compounded with other elements in -k-cu IN, -ava-ka-m ON, OVER, -os- ka-m BEFORE, -vasi-ka-m " behind ", -xa-ka-n " in com- pany with ", -curu-k UNDER.
9. E. g. yetsoxan-ak TENT-IN.
10. E. g. hetcool-ok BY MEANS OF WHAT ? xanan-oke ON
ACCOUNT OF POISON.
1 1 . See Sapir, The Position of Yana in the Hokan Stock, pp. 28-32.
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