NO. 4
��ABNORMAL TYPES OF SPEECH IN Q.TJILEUTE
��295
��ABNORMAL TYPES OF SPEECH IN QUILEUTE ' BY LEO J. FRACHTENBERG
��THE devices employed in a number of lan- guages, primitive and otherwise, for the pur- pose of implying something in regard to the status, sex, age, or other characteristics of the speaker, person addressed , or person spoken of, are well known to all students of linguistics. These devices belong properly in the domain of abnormal types of speech, and quite a number of them have been brought together in an in- teresting paper written recently by Dr. Sapirand entitled " Abnormal Types of Speech in Nootka 2 ". Consequently, I am not going to expose myself to the reproach of repetition by quoting the examples cited by Dr. Sapir, but will confine myself to referring all those inte- rested in this subject to the highly instructive and illuminating article mentioned above.
This paper deals only witch such abnormal types of speech as have been observed by me in the Quileute language during extensive stu- dies conducted for the Bureau of American Ethnology in the summer of 1915 and again in the summer and fall of 1916. My informants were Hallie George, an intelligent young half- blood Quileute, whose father was a white man, and Arthur Howeattle, a full-blood Indian and the eldest son of the last chief of the Quileute tribe. In justice to Howeattle be it said that he was by far the better of the two informants and that he was still able to recollect and explain the exact function of practically each abnormal type of speech. I do not claim, however, to have
1. Published with permission of the Smithsonian Ins- titution.
2. Memoir 62, No. 5, Anthropological Series, Ottawa Government Printing Bureau, 1915.
��succeeded in collecting every device, owing to the rapid process of disintegration which the Quileute language is undergoing and to its gradual replacement by the English tongue.
A few words concerning the position and distribution of the Quileute language and In- dians may not be out of place here. These In- dians belong to the Chimakuan family which embraces, in addition to this tribe, also the totally extinct Chimacum division. The diffe- rences between the two dialects are very slight, being confined to a certain amount of lexico- graphic and to some phonetic divergences. There are good reasons to believe that Chimakuan, Wakashan, and Salishan may be proved to be genetically related, representing three linguistic stocks that ultimately go back to a single source. Assuming, for the time being, this to be the case, I would suggest the term Mosan for this group of languages, in view of the fact that the numeral for FOUR (tnos or bos) is commonly found in the dialects of each of these three groups. Ethnologically little is known of the Chimacum tribe, whose territory lay in the northeastern portion of Jefferson County in the State of Washington. The Quileute Indians lived formerly in the western part of Clallam County, but occupy today a small strip of land around the mouth of the river of the same name. A smaller sub-division, called the Hoh Indians, live some twenty miles farther south. The mythology and culture of these Indians are closely related to the mythologies and cul- tures of the adjoining tribes, especially those of the Quinault to the south and the Nootka to the north. Particularly close points of contact
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