has been connected with Charles Frohman’s stock company and has supported John Drew. Her most pronounced success has been in J. M. Barrie’s plays, and especially in “The Little Minister.” During the winter of 1906-07 she made a great success in New York in the play “Peter Pan.”
Ad′ams, Samuel, was born at Boston, Sept. 22, 1722. He was prominent in Massachusetts in the revolutionary period, and helped very much to mould public opinion and to strengthen his fellow-citizens in their determination staunchly to uphold their rights. He got up town meetings, wrote the protest which Boston made against the Stamp Act, was a leader in debate, and so formidable an opponent that attempts were made by the English party to buy his support. He was a member of the Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and, after the war, governor of Massachusetts. He died at Boston, Oct. 2, 1803. See Hosmer’s Life, in American Statesmen Series.
Adams, Wm. Taylor, better known as “Oliver Optic” (1822–1897), was a native of Massachusetts, a school teacher in Boston, and a popular writer of tales for the young. Among the best known of his works, of which he is said to have written over 100, are the Starry Flag Series, and Young America Abroad.
Ad′ams, Mass., a town in Berkshire county, on the Hoosac River. It includes the villages of Maple Grove, Zylonite, Renfrew and South Adams, and contains Greylock Mountain, the highest point in the state. It manufactures paper, cotton and woolen goods, does foundry work, etc., and has a public library. Population, 13,026.
Addams (Miss) Jane, a philanthropist and social settlement worker, born in Cedarville, Ill., Sept. 6, 1860. She graduated from Rockford College in 1881, studied two years in Europe, 1883–85, and later studied in Philadelphia. In 1889 she opened Hull House, a social settlement institution in Chicago, and is still the head of that institution. She has written and lectured extensively on social and political reform. She is the author of Democracy and Social Ethics.
Adder’s-Tongue, or dog-tooth violet, is a wild flower fond of brookside and moist wood. It belongs to the lily family, is called by many a child the “yellow lily.” The plant has two lance-shaped spotted leaves, bears but a single blossom. The flower will turn on its stalk to follow the sun. Its name is not considered appropriate; change to fawn lily has been suggested, also to trout lily. It is one of the earliest spring flowers. From Nova Scotia to Florida it is found, and west to the Mississippi. The white adder’s-tongue is more common in the west than in the east.
Ad′dison, Joseph, a great English essayist, was born in 1672, graduated at Oxford, and held for some years a fellowship at the University. Here some of his early writings brought him into notice and secured him a pension of $1,500 a year. Gaining this, he traveled on the continent, observing, studying and writing. In the winter of 1701, amid the stoppages and discomforts of a journey across Mt. Cenis, he composed his Letter from Italy, which contains many fine touches of description and is by far the best of his poems. At the death of King William his pension was stopped, and having no means of his own his prospects were gloomy indeed, till a lucky chance put him on his feet again. The ministry desired a poem written in praise of Marlborough, who had just won the battle of Blenheim. Addison wrote the poem, The Campaign, and was rewarded with the office of excise commissioner. He held other public offices, which kept him from writing much for the next six years. In 1710 he began to bring out his famous essays. These he contributed to the Tattler, next to the Spectator and afterwards to the Guardian, which he published in conjunction with his friend Richard Steele. The most successful of these periodicals was the Spectator. It was a daily paper, but without any news. It took the fancy of Londoners at the time, and though it only ran a few months has been renowned ever since. Addision died in 1719. See Courthope’s Addison, in English Men of Letters Series.
Address, Forms of, the titles or ceremonious terms to be used in addressing written communications to people of high or official position. Usage in this country has sanctioned the employment of the following modes of address: His Excellency, The President of the United States. Custom has also made proper the use of the prefix His Excellency when addressing governors of states and ambassadors or ministers of the United States abroad. In conversation, or in formal oral address, the term Mr. President is used by all to the head of the nation, save by the President’s personal or intimate friends. The Vice-president is addressed by letter as The Honorable, The Vice-president of the United States, or The Hon. , Vice-president of the United States. When the latter is acting as ex-officio presiding officer of the Senate he is addressed by the senators as Mr. President. Cabinet officers, senators and representatives of the United States, judges of state and federal courts and consuls are all entitled to the prefix Honorable, as The Hon. Senator A. B. Clark; The Hon. Mr. Justice, or The Hon. Judge Jones. Custom also permits the use of Honorable to mayors of cities, as The Hon. Mayor Smith, or The Hon. Lionel Smith, Mayor of the city of .
