and also an engineer, and built the fortifications of Florence. Besides possessing genius, he had a passion for work. He carved till his hands could no longer guide a tool, only giving up his work at the age of 90, when he said, " Death often pulls me by the coat to come with him.'* He died in 1564.
Angiosperms (ǎn'jǐ-ǒ-spermz). One of the two divisions of seed plants, or Spermatpphytes, the other being Gymnosperms. It is the highest and most recent great group of plants, and to it belong almost all the plants of ordinary experience. The group contains over 100,000 described species, and at the present time furnishes the chief vegetation of the earth's surface. To it belong all the true flowering plants, as well as the plants directly useful to man. The bodies of angiosperms are exceedingly varied in size, habit and duration. They range in size from no larger than the head of a pin to the giant redwood; in habit, from floating and creeping to erect; in duration, from a few weeks to centuries. The name refers to the fact that the seeds are inclosed in a case, and are not freely exposed as in the Gymnosperms. The two subdivisions of angiosperms are the Monocotyledons, to which grasses, lilies, palms, orchids, etc., belong; and the Dicotyledons t to which the common trees, buttercups, roses, mints, sunflowers, etc., belong. For a further account see Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons.
Anglin, Hon. Timothy Warren. Born and educated in Ireland. Came to New Brunswick in 1848 where he founded the Morning Freeman. Sat in the New Brunswick Assembly from 1861 to 1866, opposed to Confederation. Elected to the House of Commons at Ottawa. Elected speaker in 1874. A very influential member of the Roman Catholic Church. His death occurred in 1896.
An'glo-Sax'on, the name of the German tribes that invaded England just after the Romans had left it. They came mostly from three tribes, the Saxons, Angles and Jutes, all living on or near the Danish peninsula. They subdued and overspread the country, driving the Britons, who were of the Celtic race, before them. They founded the seven kingdoms, Kent, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia, Essex and Northumbria, which were banded together for protection into the Heptarchy or Seven Kingdoms, and afterward united in one nation called England, from the Angles. Each of the seven divisions had its king and a queen, who were treated with great respect. Next came the athelings or high nobles; then the thanes; who were landed farmers. Below these were the churls, who were retainers of the thanes, and lowest of all were the slaves, most of whom had been prisoners of war. The Anglo-Saxon language is the German language spoken by these tribes, mixed with a few words of Celtic spoken by the Britons and many Latin words introduced by the monks, who were the only scholars then in the country. Although the English language grew out of the Anglo-Saxon, we cannot read it now without studying it like a new language.
Ango'la, a Portuguese colony on the west coast of South Africa, in lower Guinea. It has an area of 484,800 square miles; population, 4,119,000. It was discovered by the Portuguese in 1484, and is still in their possession. The capital is St. Paulo de Loando. An army of 5,000 men, four war vessels and the cost of maintaining the packet service eat up almost the entire revenue of the colony. The country has a coast line, between the mouth of the Congo and German Damaraland, of over 1,000 miles; the boundaries separating it from the Congo Independent State and from French, German and British possessions in southwestern Africa have been adjusted by conventions in the past fifteen years. Angola is divided into six districts: Congo, Loando, Benguella, Mossa-medes, Huitla and Lunda. It has a large export trade in coffee and rubber, besides ivory, cocoa nuts, vegetable oils, oxen and fish. Estimated revenue 1910-11, 2,321,-373 milreis; expenditure, 3,171,373 milreis. It has over 300 miles of railroad in operation. A trunk line of railway is projected between Lobito Bay, near Benguella, on the coast, to the eastern frontier of the colony, about 900 miles, and work has begun. In 1909 there were 69 telegraph offices with 1,940 miles of line in operation. The trade is largely with Portugal.
Angora Goat. See Goat.
An'gus, Richard B., of Montreal, capitalist. Born near Edinburgh, 1830. Came to Canada in 1857 and joined the staff of the Bank of Montreal. In 1861, placed in charge of the Chicago agency. Later local manager at Montreal and in 1869 general manager. For ten years he achieved brilliant success in this position. In 1879 he retired to take the position of general manager of the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway. In 1880 he was one of the Stephen (afterward Lord Mount Stephen) Smith (Lord Strathcona) syndicate, which built the Canadian Pacific Railway, which was completed in 1885. This was the leading incident in a phenomenally successful career. He is a governor of McGill University, president of the Board of the Royal Victoria Hospital and a director of the Bank of Montreal; possesses a valuable art gallery; and is one of the most prominent of successful Canadians.
Aniline (ǎn'ĭ-lĭn or lēn), a colorless, oily and poisonous liquid, discovered^ 80 ^ years ago as a product of the dry distillation of indigo, but now mainly derived from the
