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long to the Brotherhood who will promise to pray daily for the spread of the Kingdom of Christ among men and to make an earnest effort each week to bring at least one man within the hearing of the Gospel.” The number of chapters of the Brotherhood in the United States is, at present writing, 875, with a total membership of 25,000 in 44 states. Brotherhood of St. Andrew, The, is an organization with objects in view similar to those of the Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip, though its operations are confined to men of the Protestant Episcopal Church. The Brotherhood was organized June 12, 1896, and has 1,200 active chapters, with a membership of about 14,000 men. It also includes a junior department to train young men and older boys for Christian work. The latter has 400 chapters in the United States, with a membership numbering about 5,000. A similar general organization has been formed in the Scottish Episcopal Church, while chapters of the Brotherhood have also been formed in the Episcopal Church in Australia and in the Canadian Dominion. LORD BROUGHAM Brougham (brōō'am or brōōm), Henry, Lord Brougham and Vaux, was born at Edinburgh in 1778. He was called to the English bar and soon after entered Parliament, taking sides with the Liberals. He spoke against slavery and was active in all measures of reform. He became immensely popular with the people and wielded a great influence, being recognized by the Liberals as their leader in debate. He received a peerage and became lord chancellor in the so-called Reform Ministry. As an advocate, also, though he never had a large practice, he attained some fame, his greatest speech being that in behalf of Queen Caroline against George IV. He was interested in science and literature, and his writings cover a wide range of subjects. The founding of London University was largely due to him. As an orator he was inferior only to Canning among the men of his time. He was peculiar in many ways, and while for many years the popular idol was not liked by those who worked with him. He built a chateau at Cannes, in the south of France, and died there in 1868. It was once said of

him as he was passing along in a carriage: “There go Solon, Lycurgus, Demosthenes, Archimedes, Sir Isaac Newton, Lord Chesterfield and a great many more in one post-chaise.” Broughton (bra̤'tŭn or brou'tŭn), Rhoda, an English novelist, was born in North Wales, November 29, 1840, and for forty years has actively been engaged in the production of fiction. In 1867 she made her successful début with her popular novel, Cometh Up as a Flower, which was followed by Not Wisely but Too Well and in 1870 by Red as a Rose is She. Her later stories include Nancy, Joan, Second Thoughts, Belinda, Dr. Cupid, Alas! Dear Faustina, The Game and the Candle, Foes in Law and Lavinia. Brown, Charles Brockden, an early American novelist, much prized in his day, was born at Philadelphia in 1771, and died there in 1810. His two best-known stories are Wieland or the Transformation and Arthur Mervyn. The former is an alluring though improbable tale, of a ventriloquist, who, by personating a supernatural being, leads the hero to kill his wife and children; the latter gives a vivid description of Philadelphia, when, in 1783, the city was scourged by yellow fever. His other stories, Ormond, Edgar Huntley, Jane Talbot and Philip Stanley are now but little read. Early in the century he brought out semi-annually for a time The American Register, a useful work of literary and historic reference. Brown, Elmer Ellsworth. Born in Chatauqua County, New York, in 1861, Mr. Brown graduated from the Illinois State Normal University in 1881, and afterward studied both in the University of Michigan and abroad, receiving his degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Halle, Germany, in 1890. He was principal of schools in Belvidere, Ill., for three years, and in Jackson, Mich., for one year. From 1884 to 1887 he was assistant state secretary of the Y. M. C. A. in Illinois. After returning from Germany, Mr. Brown became assistant professor of the science and art of teaching in the University of Michigan, and in 1893 he became professor of the theory and practice of education in the University of California. In 1906 President Roosevelt appointed him as successor to Dr. William T. Harris in the office of United States Commissioner of Education. He is the author of The Making of Our Middle Schools. Brown, Hon. George, born in Edinburgh in 1821. Came to New York in 1838. In 1843 the family came to Toronto (Canada). In 1844 The Globe was first published. With it the name of George Brown is inseparately and honorably connected. Since its first publication it has been a powerful force in Canada. In 1848 it became the organ of the Liberal government.