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Charlotte, N. C., a growing city and railroad center, the capital of Mecklenburg County, situated on Sugar Creek, 110 miles north of Columbia, capital of South Carolina. Its balmy climate and high average temperature are favorable for invalids. Gold has been found in the vicinity, and there is here a branch of the United States mint. It is the seat of Biddle (Presbyterian) University. It has numerous manufactories and a good trade in cotton-goods, tobacco, iron-castings, and agricultural implements. Population, 34,014. Charlot′tenburg is a large suburb lying to the west of Berlin. It is visited by tourists for the sake of the royal palace, built here in 1696 by Frederick I for his second wife, Sophia. The grounds and statuary are of great beauty. Charlottenburg has become the seat of many factories; and its population, which in 1871 was estimated at less than 20,000, has multiplied no less than tenfold. Char′lottesville, Va., a city, the seat of Albemarle County, on the Rivanna River and on the Southern and the Chesapeake & Ohio railroads, about 100 miles northwest of Richmond. It is the seat of the University of Virginia, founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson of Monticello, near by; also the seat of Albemarle College, Rawlings Female Institute and other educational institutions. Settled in 1744, Charlottesville became a city in 1888, and owns its gas and waterworks, which are operated by the municipality. Its industries embrace cigar-factories, wine-presses, flour, planing and woolen mills and textile manufactures. Population (1910), 6,800 Char′lottetown, the capital of Prince Edward Island (which is separated from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia by Northumberland Strait) has a population of 13,000. It is nicely located on a good harbor in Hillsborough Bay. It has the main trade of the island. Its main industry is shipbuilding. The Prince Edward Island Railway, owned by the government of Canada, connects Charlottetown with the towns of the island, and a submarine telegraph connects the island with the province of New Brunswick, a distance of nine miles. Charter-House, a famous school and hospital of London, founded in 1611. It first provides a good home for 80 “poor brethren.” The Charter-House school maintains some 60 scholarships, worth from $375 to $475, which are open to boys from 12 to 15 years old. Besides the holders of these scholarships, many Londoners send their boys to this school because of its reputation. Blackstone, Addison, Steele, John Wesley, Grote, Thackeray, John Leech, Eastlake and many other men of note and ability were educated there. In

1872 the school was removed to Godalming in Surrey. Charter-Oak. See Andros and Hartford. Chase, Salmon P., chief-justice of the United States, was born at Cornish, N. H,, Jan. 13, 1808. He graduated at Dartmouth College, and entered the law, practicing at Washington, D. C. His edition of the Statutes of Ohio, now court authority, made him known as a jurist, while his arguments in several cases intrusted to him, in favor of the rights of fugitive slaves, brought him into great prominence. In 1841 Chase entered politics as an opponent of slavery extension and was one of the founders of the Free-soil party. In 1849 he was chosen senator from Ohio as a Democrat, but withdrew from that party soon after on the slavery question. On his record in the senate he was elected governor of Ohio by the Republican party in 1855, and re-elected two years later. He was secretary of the treasury in President Lincoln's cabinet from 1861 to 1864. On him fell the burden of finding the ways and means of carrying the government financially through the war. Legal-tender greenbacks, issuing of bonds and the national banking system were the chief means used. In 1864 he became chief-justice of the United States, and as the head of the supreme court presided at the impeachment trial of President Johnson. He died at New York on May 7, 1873. Chateaubriand (shȧ-tō′brē′än′), François René, Vicomte de, a French man-of-letters, was born in Brittany, Sept. 14, 1768. At the time of the French Revolution he took part at first with the exiled royalists, but, returning to France, was employed in a diplomatic service by Napoleon. On the murder of the Duc d'Enghein, he threw up his office as ambassador to the Republic of Valais. He supported the restoration monarchy, becoming a minister of state, and was appointed ambassador-extraordinary to England. He visited America when a young man, and afterwards traveled in the east. His love story of savage life, Atala, made his literary reputation. This appeared in 1801, and the Genius of Christianity added its quota to raise him to the foremost place among French writers of the day. Chateaubriand's books abound in passages of brilliant description, and there is no French author before him whose prose writings can compare with his in the power of conveying the beauty and mystery of nature. Chateaubriand is called the father of the French romantic school of writers. He died at Paris, July 4, 1848. Chateauguay (shȧ′tō′gắ′), a village in the county of that name in the province of Quebec, possessing a monument erected in 1895 to commemorate the victory there gained by Col. de Salaberry over the Americans in 1813. Chatham, Earl of. See Pitt.