from the other, and it was not until 1807 that Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit earned him personal distinction. He married in 1811, and in the following year published the first volume of Logic, his greatest work. In 1816 his growing fame as a writer earned him a professorship at Heidelberg, which he exchanged two years later for the chair of philosophy at Berlin, where he continued to teach until Nov. 14, 1831, when he died of cholera. During these years he wrote many books, the most noteworthy being The Philosophy of Right. After his death some of his friends published his complete works and lectures, among them being Philosophy of Religion; Philosophy of Art; History of Philosophy; and Philosophy of History.
Hegira (hej′ī-rä), Hejra or Hijra is an Arabic word meaning going away, and is commonly applied to the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, June 20, 622 A. D.
Heidelberg, (hī′del-bĕrg′), an ancient city of Baden, Germany. It lies 380 feet above sea-level, at the base of the Königsstuhl, 1,863 feet high, on the left bank of the Neckar. The city is celebrated for its university, founded by Rupert I in 1386, which flourished up to the era of the Thirty Years' War, when it declined until its restoration in 1802. It has courses in philosophy, law, medicine and theology, about 148 professors and 1,922 students. The library contains over 500,000 volumes and 4,700 manuscripts. Many of Germany's most famous scholars studied here. The city suffered by the Thirty Years' War: was taken by the French in 1689; and almost destroyed by them in 1693. Population 56,010.
Heine (hī′ne), Heinrich, was born of Jewish parents, at Düsseldorf, Germany, Dec. 13, 1799. At 16 he was sent to Frankfort to learn banking, but soon gave it up to commence trading on his own account, but failed. He studied law at the universities of Bonn, Berlin and Göttingen. In 1821 he brought out his first volume of Sayings. But the world only became aware that a poet of the first rank had risen, when in 1826 there appeared the first volume of Travel-Pictures. The Book of Songs was published next year, and caused the greatest excitement. These two works are Heine's masterpieces. His songs have the freshness and melody of a skylark's note. His being baptized a Christian in 1825 cost him the friendship of the stricter Jews, and his outspokenness in regard to the governments of the day kept him from obtaining a government office. His relatives were shrewd business men, who could see no virtue in being a poet, and the public censor condemned Heine's poems. So, dissatisfied with Germany, the poet went to Paris, where Thiers became his patron and the chief men then living at the capital his comrades. He at once turned from poetry to politics, playing the role of leader of the people. Heine was always an Ishmael, both in poetry and in politics — he would fight under nobody's flag but his own. In his writings he said many bitter things, and was always in hot water, but his love for men was warm and deep. He died at Paris, Feb. 17, 1856. See his Life by W. Sharp.
Heintzelman (hīnt′sel-män), Samuel Peter, was born in Pennsylvania, Sept. 30, 1805; and died at Washington, D. C., May 1, 1880. He was a graduate of the United States Military Academy. He began his fighting career against the Indians, then served in the Mexican and Civil Wars, participating in the battles of Bull Run and Williamsburg and the siege of Richmond. He was retired in February, 1869, with the rank of major-general, by a special act of Congress.
Hel′en of Troy, one of the most beautiful women of ancient history. She was the daughter of Zeus and Leda and wife of the Spartan king, Menelaus. She was carried off by Theseus at the age of ten, but was recovered by her brothers, Castor and Pollux. Among all the Greek princes who paid her court, she chose Menelaus. Then Paris, the son of Priam of Troy, carried her off, and Menelaus, gathering all the Greeks about him, began the ten years' Trojan War. Upon the death of Paris she was married to his brother, Deiphobus, but betrayed him to Menelaus and returned with her husband to Sparta. Helen is the subject of story and poem by Vergil, Homer, Pausanias, Euripides and Goethe. See Dream of Fair Women by Tennyson and Helen of Troy, poem and essay by Lang.
Hel′ena, the capital of Montana, also is the county seat of Lewis and Clarke County. It is situated among the foothills of the Prickly Pear valley, near the base of the Rocky Mountains, about 14 miles from the Missouri River and 70 northeast of Butte. The surrounding country is both mineral and agricultural, and the city is principally made up of homes of cattlemen and miners. It is well-built, having good hotels and public buildings, chief among these being the government building, the state capitol and the county courthouse. Helena has excellent parish and public school systems, a high school costing $150,000, the Montana Wesleyan University, Saint Vincent's Academy and state and city libraries. There are several fine churches, Saint John's Hospital and St. Joseph's Orphanage. Marysville is the name of the largest mining-camp near the city, and four miles from Helena is the smelter of the American Smelting and Refining Company. The Missouri River Power Co., located on the river of this name, 12 miles from Helena, furnishes the city with electrical power for lighting, car-service and manufacturing. It has the service of the Northern Pacific and Great Northern railways. Population 12,515.
