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successful determination to make the University more democratic. His capacity for larger public service was so evident that he was induced to run for governor of his state. and in that office established important legislative reforms in opposition to the “machine” element of his party. His distinguished record as governor indicated him as the logical candidate of the reform element of his party, and aided by the powerful support of Mr. Bryan, he was nominated at the Convention of 1912. Out of 544 electoral votes cast he received 435. On account of his character and record for public service, no president ever assumed the difficult duties of his office with greater respect and good will on the part of the people regardless of party. As a historian and writer on political and economic questions he occupies a distinguished position. His writings embrace George Washington:; Congressional Government: a Study in American Politics; The State: Elements of Politics; Division and Reunion; and History of the American People. Win'chell, Alexander, a distinguished American geologist and author, was born in North East, New York, Dec. 31, 1824, and died at Ann Arbor, Mich., February 19, 1891, where he occupied the chair as Professor of Geology and Paleontology in the university. He first entered the university-service in 1854 as Professor of physics and civil engineering. His published writings embrace Sketches of Creation, The Doctrine of Evolution, The Geology of the Stars, Reconciliation of Science and Religion, Pre-Adamites, Sparks from a Geologist's Hammer, World-Life: a Comparative Geology, Geological Excursions and Geological Studies. Winchester, Ky., county-seat of Clark County, on the Chesapeake and Ohio, Louisville and Nashville and Lexington and Eastern railroads, 18 miles east of Lexington. It is the seat, dating from 1866, of Kentucky Wesleyan College (Methodist Episcopal South), while the city dates from 1792 and is in a good farming country. Its chief industries include the manufacture of furniture, carriages, spokes and rims, overalls, gasoline engines, confectionery and planing-mill products. Population 7,156. Winchester, Mass., a town in Middlesex County, on the Boston and Maine Railroad, eight miles northwest of Boston, of which it in large degree is a suburban residence with a fine system of parks. Settled early in the 17th century, it has been known successively as Waterfield, Charleston Village, Woburn and, finally, as Winchester. Besides a state aviary and a Home for the Aged, it has a well-equipped public library. Its industries embrace machinery of various kinds, felt and leather goods, watch-hands etc. Population 9,309. Winchester, Va., county-seat of Fred-

erick County, on the Baltimore and Ohio and Cumberland Valley railroads, about 75 miles west-northwest of Washington. Historically it is noted for its importance in the Revolutionary and the Civil War. It possesses a number of educational institutions, including Valley Female College of the Methodist Episcopal Church South; and it has National and Confederate cemeteries in the neighborhood. Besides its farming, lumbering and stock-raising, it is noted for its glove, leather, woolen, flour and paper works, besides bark-mills and an ice-plant. Population 5,765. Wind'mill', a wheel driven by wind to obtain power. Windmills vary in diameter from eight to thirty feet. The largest sizes in ordinary wind developing as high as four H. P. The ordinary pumping-wheel develops less than one quarter H. P. For service requiring small power, and where constant operation is not vital, as in pumping water and grinding feed, windmills are, according to Wolff, the cheapest power available. He estimates an average of eight running hours a day for most parts of the United States. The number of windmills in use is very great. American windmills practically control the market all over the world. Windmills have been in use since the twelfth century in Europe. The old-fashioned mill still in use in Holland has its arms covered with canvass, and the diameter of the wheel is generally very large. One is mentioned with a diameter of 150 feet, but a common diameter is about a third of this. These wheels are largely used for pumping water and for grinding grain. They have various schemes for setting them to face the wind, a common method in Germany being to rotate the whole tower on wheels. The windmill has been developed in the United States, along different lines, and American windmills are very superior to the older forms. The American windmill consists of a wheel with a great number of narrow, radial, inclined arms of wood or metal, the axis of the wheel being horizontal, and the direction of the wheel being regulated by an arm carrying a vane. One firm in the United States is said to make nearly 20,000 windmills annually. Windmills are unsuited to driving dynamos on account of the variation in speed. Win'dom, William, an American politician and financier, was born at Waterford, Ohio, on May 10, 1827. After being admitted to the bar, he went to Minnesota and entered politics as a Congressman in 1858. He was regularly reflected for ten years, and was in his second term as United States senator when, in 1881, he was appointed secretary of the treasury in President Garfield's cabinet. On Garfield's death he resigned and was at once sent back to the senate, having in the short time that he held his secretaryship gained the repu-