BOTANY
THE SCOPE OF THE SUBJECT; Botany 249.
DIVISIONS OF THE STUDY:
Taxonomy — the classification of plants 1875. Morphology—the forms of plants 1264. Physiology — the activities of plants 1487. Ecology — the environment of plants 580.
I- TAXONOMY:
THE FOUR DIVISIONS OF THE PLANT KINGDOM:
1. Thallophytes: meaning thallus-plant; having a characterise
tic plant-body 1897.
2. Bryophytes: having distinct alteration of generations and more
complex body 281.
3. Pteridophytes: having a leafy and vascular sporophyte; and
producing no seeds 1558.
4. Spermatophytes: meaning seed-plants, called flowering plants
1797.
(Note: The first three of the above divisions are called Cryptogams — plants that do not produce seeds — 484. There is also a group between plants and animals called Myxomycetes: 1297.)
1. THE THALLOPHYTES:
the lowest group of plants 1897.
(1) The Cyanophyceas: the blue-green algae, or green slimes 491; eoenocyte 419; Heteroeyst 871.
C (a) Protococcus forms: 1554.
(b) Conferva forms:
392.
(c) Siphon forms: as
spirogyra 1800.
(d) Conjugate forms:
or brown algae 1463.
(3) The Phasophyceae or brown algae: 1463;
the Sargassum, making the Sargasso seas 1681.
(4) The Rhcdophyceae or red algas; prized sou-
venirs of the seashore 1609; Lichens — intermediate forms 1065; symbiosis 1859.
b. The Fungi: taking their food from other plants 714; parasites 1420; saprophytes 1678; mycelium 1293; mycorrhiza 1294.
(a) Phycomycetes: 1479; as black-
moulds, downy mildews 1224; coenocyte 419.
(b) Ascomycetes: 17; blue-moulds,
truffles, 1946; and perhaps yeasts 2121; mildews 1224.
(c) j^Ecidfomycetes: 17; as rusts 1649;
and smuts 1772.
(d) Basidiomycetes: as mushrooms
1284; toadstools 178.
2. THE BRYOPHYTES: the second group of plants 281. a. The Hepaticae: the liverworts 865; rhizoids 1606.
(1) Marchantiales: 1168; green above and with rhizoids on under
surface 1606.
(2) Jungermanniales: like delicate moss 865.
2266
a. The Algae: most primitive forms of the plant kingdom 48; and making their own food with chlorophyll 393.
The Chlorophy-c eae : the
green algae 392.
(1) Four groups of fungi:
