THE THIRD DECLENSION • /-STEMS
| Plural | terminations m. and f. |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nom. | caedēs | hostēs | urbēs | clientēs | -ēs |
| Gen. | caedium | hostium | urbium | clientium | -ium |
| Dat. | caedibus | hostibus | urbibus | clientibus | -ibus |
| Acc. | caedīs, -ēs | hostīs, -ēs | urbīs, -ēs | clientīs, -ēs | -īs, -ēs |
| Abl. | caedibus | hostibus | urbibus | clientibus | -ibus |
- avis, cīvis, fīnis, ignis, nāvis have the ablative singular in -ī or -e.
- turris has accusative turrim and ablative turrī or turre.
244. Neuter I-Stems. Neuter i-stems are declined as follows:
| īnsigne, n., decoration | animal, n., animal | calcar, n., spur | ||
| Stems | īnsigni- | animāli- | calcāri- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bases | īnsign- | animāl- | calcār- | |
| Singular | terminations | |||
| Nom. | īnsigne | animal | calcar | -e or— |
| Gen. | īnsignis | animālis | calcāris | -is |
| Dat. | īnsignī | animālī | calcārī | -ī |
| Acc. | īnsigne | animal | calcar | -e or— |
| Abl. | īnsignī | animālī | calcārī | -ī |
| Plural | ||||
| Nom. | īnsignia | animālia | calcāria | -ia |
| Gen. | īnsignium | animālium | calcārium | -ium |
| Dat. | īnsignibus | animālibus | calcāribus | -ibus |
| Acc. | īnsignia | animālia | calcāria | -ia |
| Abl. | īnsignibus | animālibus | calcāribus | -ibus |
- Review § 74 and see how it applies to this declension.
- The final -i- of the stem is usually dropped in the nominative. If not dropped, it is changed to -e.
- A long vowel is shortened before final -l or -r. (Cf. § 1 2.)
245.
EXERCISES
First learn the special vocabulary, p. 292.
I.
- Quam urbem vidēmus? Urbs quam vidētis est Rōma.
- Cīvēs Rōmānī urbem suam turribus altīs et mūrīs longīs mūnīverant.
- Ventī nāvīs longās prohibēbant fīnibus hostium adpropinquāre.
- Imperātor a clientibus suīs calcāria aurī et alia īnsignia accēpit.
- Mīlitēs Rōmānī cum hostibus bella saeva gessērunt et eōs caede
