in cắlon the lost consonant is w̯; in cŏ́lyn it is i̯ < ᵹ̑; w̯ drops before o, and i̯ before y § 36 iii, ii;—cắlon (Corn. colon, Bret. kalon, kaloun) < *kalu̯ond‑: W. colweẟ b.a. 6 ‘heart’, coludd ‘entrail’: Skr. kroḍá‑ḥ ‘breast, interior’: Gk. χολάδες, O. Bulg. želąd‑ŭkŭ ‘maw’ with ɡh- (q/ɡh alternation).—For Early Mn. W. cắlyn ‘to follow’ the Ml. canlyn has been restored in writing.
A short vowel also occurs in cădwn, ty̆bir, etc. § 36 i.
iii. The vowel is long if followed by a vowel or h; as ḗog (‘salmon’, dḗ-hau ‘right, south’, Gwen|llī́|an.
iv. It is short in all falling diphthongs; as cắe|ad ‘lid’, mw̆́y|af ‘most’, llĕ́i|af ‘least’, rhw̆́y|dau ‘nets’, llw̆́y|brau ‘paths’, hĕ́u|log ‘sunny’, tĕ́w|dwr ‘thickness’, bỿ̆́w|yd ‘life’, cnắw|dol ‘carnal’.
But in N. W. the vowel is medium in aw, ew, iw before a vowel, that is the w is heterosyllabic; thus tá|w̯el ‘silent’, té|w̯i ‘to be silent’, llé|w̯od ‘lions’, ní|w̯ed ‘harm’. In S. W., however, these are sounded tắw|el, tĕ́w|i, llĕ́w|od, nĭ́w|ed.
§ 55. i. The above are the quantities of the vowels in the Mn. language. They were probably the same in Ml. W. where the vowel is simple. Thus map or mab, tat, gwac had a long ā like their modern equivalents māb, tād, gwāg; for where the vowel was short and the final consonant voiceless (= Mn. p, t, c), the latter was doubled, as in bratt r.g. 1117, Mn. W. bratt D.D., or brat (≡ brăt) ‘rag, apron’. In the case of Ml. single ‑t, both the long vowel and the voiced consonant are attested in the spelling of foreigners; thus the place-name which is now Bōd Feirig, which in Ml. W. spelling would be *Bot veuruc, appears in Norman spelling in the Extent of Anglesey, dated 1294, as Bode-ueuryk (Seebohm, Trib. Sys.¹ App. 6), where bode doubtless means bōd, the Mn. W. sound. Again in the Extent of Denbigh, dated 1335, the Mn. W. Rhōs appears as Roos (op. cit. 72), showing the vowel to be long before s then as now. The N. W. long vowel before st is attested in 1296 in the Ruthin Court Rolls p. 15, l. 10 in the spelling Neeste of the name Nest. The distinction between medium and short in the penult is everywhere implied in Ml. spelling; and we are told in r.g. 1120 that the vowel is long when followed by another, as the i in Gwenlliant, Mn. W. Gwen-llī́-an. Thus the quantity of a simple vowel was
