glwy waeth L.M. d.t. 145 ‘dangerous to men, what disease [is] worse?’ a pha ’r gledi sydd arno ’rŵan b.cw. 73 ‘and what hardship does he suffer now?’—pa ryw un ‘which (particular) one?’ becomes pa r’un M.Ỻ. i 182, which is very common in Gwynedd, and is sometimes further reduced to p’r’un.
iii. pa or py might have a postfixed preposition, § 47 iv. Of the expressions so formed only pahám ‘why?’ survives; often contracted to pam which is at least as early as w.b. Others in use in Ml. W. are pa-har and pa rac or py rac; for references see § 47 iv.
Pam y kymerwn inheu hynny gan y tayogeu lladron w.m. 68, cf. 73 ‘why should we take that from the thievish villains?’
Ml. W. paẟiw, pyẟiw ‘to whom?’ seems to belong to this class, but its formation is obscure; see vi.
O.W. padiu ox. ‘for what?’ glossing quid in “Quid tibi Pasiphae pretiosas sumere vestes?” issit padiu itau gulat juv. lit. ‘there-is to-whom-it-is that-comes lordship’ (?) glossing est cui regia in “Cunctis genitoris gloria vestri laudetur celsi thronus est cui regia caeli”.—Ml. W. geẏr eu ẏ eẏr [ef] paẟẏu ẏ r͑oẟes [pyẟiw nys r͑oẟes] a.l.ms. a. [ms. d.] i 108 ‘his (the donor’s) word is word (i.e. decides) to whom it is that he gave it, to whom it is that he did not give it’. gwynn ẏ vyt pyẟiw y r͑oẟir kerennyẟ Duw r.p. 1056 ‘Blessed is he to whom is given the grace of God’. Later with a redundant ẏ ‘to’: ẏ byẟiw y bo gorẟerch dec iẟaw c.m. 32 ‘[we shall know] to whom it is that there will be a fair leman’.
iv. The forms pwy bynnag, peth bynnag, beth bynnag, pa beth bynnag, pa..bynnag, etc., have lost their interrogative meaning, and are used as “universal” relatives, meaning ‘whosoever’, ‘whatsoever’, ‘what … soever’.
Pwybynnac a vynnho Ỻ.A. 138 “Quicunque vult”. Peth bynnac o garueiẟrwyẟ a vei yrungthunt w.m. 6 ‘whatsoever of blandishment there was between them.’ A Duw a vyẟ ẏ gyt a thi bethbynnac a wnelych Ỻ.A. 105–6 ‘And God will be with thee whatever thou doest’. By ẟyn bynnac vych, by gerẟ a vettrych r.p. 1256 ‘what man soever thou art, what craft [soever] thou art skilled in’. pa ddaioni bynnag a wnelo pob un Eph. vi 8.
In S.W. dialects bynnag loses its final ‑g, and in late S.W. mss. it sometimes appears as bynna or benna. We also find in Late Mn. W. bynnag put before pa, peth, as Bynnag beth sydd mewn creadur Wms. 294 ‘whatsoever is in a creature’; bynnag pa ’r fodd m.l. i 82, 97 ‘however’; though used here by W.M., it does not seem to be a N.W. construction. A dialectal form in S.W. of bynnag is gynnag,
