(4) Before an adj. with rad. initial: llawer before cpv., 169 ii (i) ; mwy, mwyaf 151 i ; similarly llai, lleiaf ; and in Mn. W. digon, as digon da 'good enough'; numeral with cpv. (with mutation peculiar to the numeral) 154 iii (a).
(5) gynt 'formerly'; cynt 'previously'; gynneu 'a shovt time (few hours) ago ' ; mwy, mwyach ' henceforth ' ; byth 'ever'; weithiau 'sometimes'; unwaith, etc. 154 iii (i); chwaith, ychwaith f either ', which replaces hefyd in neg. clauses in the late period, as na Herod chwaith Luc xxiii 15 'nor H. either'.
byth is the Ir. bith ' ever ' borrowed, the etymological equivalent of "W. byd ' world '. W. byth is generally sounded with short if, more rarely bifth which follows the W. analogy of monosyllables in -th. As the word is always accented the short ?/ can only be accounted for by the assumption of borrowing. The form a phyth R.P. 1028, L.G.C. 264 is due to the false analogy of a cJiynt in which the orig. rad. is c-.
chweith in Late Ml. W. occurs chiefly before a noun, and means ' any ', as na chlywei arnaw chweith dolur S.G. 55 ' that he did not feel jiny pain ', chweith antur do. 34, chweith pechawt do. 46 ; more rarely y chweith ' at all' do. 62. In Mn. W. it is found with an adj., as rhag na chaj)hom aros chwaith hir G.R. [95] ' lest we may not stay very long', Canys nid yw chwaith teg do. [124] 'for it is not very seemly ', chwaith hir B.cw. 40. These expressions seem to show that chwaith is orig. a noun ; perhaps gwaith ( occasion ' 100 i (2), as in unwaith above (with pref. *eks- 1) : Bret, choaz, Corn, whdth, wheth, 'yet, again ' (*-uokt- : *-uekt-).
(6) mwy (no) 'more (than)'; wellwell, waethwaeth 152 ii ; haeach in neg. clauses, meaning with the neg. ' not much, hardly at all ' ; oreu ' best ', gyntaf ' first ', etc.
Nyt arhoes ef haeach S.G. 38 ' he did not stay long '. The word is often used as a noun, as heb wneuthur hayach o brwc S.G. 39 ' without doing much wrong '; cf.iL.A. 122. hayachen R.M. 142, G. 234 has the sense of ' almost '. haeach seems to be a cpv. of an adj. *hae < *sag-io- or *sog-io-, Vsegh- : Gk. o^o. ' much ' adv., V segh-, Boisacq s.v. |^a>. haeachen is perhaps the full stem, and so the true obi. form, 147 iv (3).
(7) Noun or adj. in an obi. case followed by the obi. rel. y, yb, yr> neg. na, nad, (loc.) ni, nid: (a) in a dependent clause : modd y 'in the manner in which, so that', modd na 'so that . . . not ' ; pryd y ' at the time when, when ', pryd na ' when . . . not ' ; lie y, lie y8, lie yr, generally lie, lle'r ' in the place
where, where ', Ml. W. lie ny, Mn. lie ni ' where . . . not '.
f f 2
