the two pairs. The northernmost pair is named ε1 the magnitudes being fifth and sixth; distance 3″, p. 15°. The other pair is ε2, magnitudes fifth and sixth; distance 2·3″, p. 133°. Each pair is apparently a binary; but the period of revolution is unknown. Some have guessed a thousand years for one pair, and two thousand for the other. Another guess gives ε1, a period of one thousand years, and ε2, a period of eight hundred years. Hall, in his double-star observations, simply says of each, "A slow motion."
Purely by guesswork a period has also been assigned to the two pairs in a supposed revolution around their common center, the time named being about a million years. It is not known, however, that such a motion exists. Manifestly it could not be ascertained within the brief period during which scientific observations of these stars have been made. The importance of the element of time in the study of stellar motions is frequently overlooked, though not, of course, by those who are engaged in such work. The sun, for instance, and many of the stars are known to be moving in what appear to be straight lines in space, but observations extending over thousands of years would probably show that these motions are in curved paths, and some of them, perhaps, in closed orbits.
If now in turn we take our four-inch glass, we shall see something else in this strange family group of ε Lyræ. Between ε1, and ε2, and placed one on each side of the joining line, appear two exceedingly faint specks of light, which Sir John Herschel made famous under the name of the debillsima. They are of the twelfth or thirteenth magnitude, and possibly variable to a slight degree. If you can not see them at first, turn your eye toward one side of the field of view, and thus, by bringing their images upon a more sensitive part of the retina, you may glimpse them. The sight is not much, yet it will repay you, as every glance into the depths of the universe does.
The other fourth-magnitude star near Vega is ζ, a wide double, magnitudes fourth and sixth; distance 44″, p. 150°. Below we find β, another very interesting star, since it is both a multiple and an eccentric variable. It has four companions, three of which we can easily see with our three-inch; the fourth calls for the five-inch; the magnitudes are respectively four, seven or under, eight, eight and a half, and eleven; distances 45″, p. 150°; 65″, p. 320°; 85″, p. 20°; and 40″, p. 248°. The primary, β, varies from about magnitude three and a half to magnitude four and a half, the period being twelve days, twenty-one hours, forty-six minutes, and fifty-eight seconds. Two unequal maxima and minima occur within this period. In the spectrum of this star some of the hydrogen lines and the D3 line (the latter representing helium, a constituent of the sun and of some of the stars, which,
