some jealousy of physiology, for he says in the preface to the second edition of Senses and Intellect that the object of the work was "largely, to demonstrate the independence of psychology," and a parade of pictures from the physiologies at the very outset might prejudice the case. His metaphysical training would be apt to generate such a feeling. However, in The Emotions and Will full consideration is given to the physiological side of the subject in three chapters: Chapter I, The Nervous System; Chapter II, The Nervous System and Consciousness; Chapter III, Nature and Divisions of Sensibility. Four chapters follow upon the Feelings and four upon the Emotions before we reach the division of the Will, to which a hundred pages are given. The headings of the chapters and of the paragraphs look very attractive, and we have dipped into the work sufficiently to perceive the thoroughness of Prof. Baldwin's preparation for his undertaking, his deep earnestness and abounding enthusiasm. He must have looked upon his first venture as an experiment, and we can imagine his delight when within a year of its publication the unexpected demand was made upon him for a new edition of Senses and Intellect. This alone is a proof of its adaptation to present needs, while the interest aroused by it in the author's "philosophical point of departure" is another guarantee of its quality. Still another, were it needed, may be found in the request made by a number of teachers of psychology in the universities that a single, compact volume should be made of the larger work, such as could be furnished at reasonable cost. This request has been complied with in the Elements of Psychology, wherein the exposition of the larger work is simplified, whole sections having been rewritten and chapters recast, while more illustrative facts and illustrations are furnished than are given in the large work. The treatment of the nervous system has been put at the beginning, as "a concession," and references to the corresponding fuller treatment of subjects in the larger work are given at the beginning of each chapter. And so, by slightly reduced type, we have the newest essentials of the science put within reach of everybody. We may add that Prof. Baldwin's large work has been welcomed and strongly commended abroad as well as at home. Fault may doubtless be found with details of its execution, but the spirit in which it is written, its power to awaken interest, enthusiasm, and a thirst for inquiry, are matters of greater importance, and in these respects the work is admirable.
Actual Africa; or, The Coming Continent. By Frank Vincent. With Map and over 100 Illustrations. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Pp. 541. Price $5.
Mr. Vincent's tour of Africa began in Morocco, where customs, institutions, and public affairs are dominated by the despotic Mohammedan religion. He describes the cities, bazaars, roads, and open country, tells how the Jews and Moors live, and gives us an idea of the architecture and wonderful arabesques of the mosques. Tangier, Mequinez, Fez, Wezzan, and a number of smaller Moroccan towns were visited, and our traveler then proceeded to Algeria. While in this country, now a French colony, he made a trip to an oasis in the edge of the Sahara and saw several Roman ruins. In Tunis other Roman remains and the ruins of Carthage were. visited. There is naturally more or less sameness in the cities of the Barbary states, but with the ascent of the Nile we enter upon new scenes. Mr. Vincent takes us to the sphinx and the pyramids, and in succession to the temples and tombs at Memphis, Sakhara, Beni Hassan, Assiout, Denderah, Luxor, Karnak, Edfou, Kom Ombo, Kalabshah, Aboo Simbel, and Abydos, penetrating into Nubia as far as Sarras. While describing these monuments of severe grandeur he does not neglect to give us a realistic panorama of the river banks and landing places, showing the native boats and fishermen, style of agriculture, devices for irrigation, crocodiles, donkey-boys, relic peddlers, fields of sugar cane, sugar mills, etc., etc. From Egypt he takes us through the Red Sea and southward to Mauritius and Réunion. Before returning to the mainland an extended tour is made through Madagascar, where the French are now carrying on a war with the natives. Any one who would understand the condition and resources of the country, and the character and relations of its three races of inhabitants, should study Mr. Vincent's account. He next crosses to Zanzibar, sees Tippoo Tib, and has an audi-
